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English Language > Language Change > Flashcards

Language Change Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is structural change?

A

Great vowel shift

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2
Q

Example of vowel shift?

A

Beet - buyt - bite

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3
Q

What did the vowel shift affect?

A

Long vowels making them higher
(Jaws closer and tongue higher in mouth)
Highest vowel called diphthong

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4
Q

What’s a chain shift

A

Phonological system structure change in 15-18th century

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5
Q

What are the three contact (historical) factors?

A

Liverpool English
Vikings
Norman’s

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6
Q

Point of Liverpool English?

A

Lenition

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7
Q

What is lenition

A

Weakening of consonants , less articulating effort &easier to pronounce

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8
Q

Example of Liverpool English

A

But - buh

About - abouts

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9
Q

Time period of Liverpool English

A

Mid 19th century (used to sound like Lancashire )

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10
Q

Why did liverpool English develop?

A

Industrialisation, dock growth, movement from N England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland etc

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11
Q

When did the vikings happen?

A

9th century

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12
Q

What did the vikings affect?

A

Place names

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13
Q

Examples of place names

A

Derby - ‘by’ - farm town
Althorpe - ‘thorpe ‘ - village
Eastoft - ‘toft’ - homestead
ALL SCANDINAVIAN

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14
Q

When did the Norman’s happen?

A

1066

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15
Q

Effects of Norman’s?

A

Norman French imposes prestige language variety (language of rulers)
Loan words

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16
Q

List the social factors

A

Fashion and identity

17
Q

Effect of fashion on language?

A

Upper class used longer vowels so they wouldn’t be mistaken for a commoner

18
Q

Effect of identity on language

A

Llamas investigated Middlesbrough (Yorkshire) and found complex variation patterns on voicelsss stops

19
Q

Tendencies of younger speakers in identity?

A

Use more glottal stops (on Tyneside)
Older people identified as from yorkshire
Youngest identified as from the north east

English Language (7 decks)

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