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Language and the Mind > Language and the brain > Flashcards

Language and the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain and their functions

A

Frontal - production
Temporal - receiving
Occipital - vision
Parietal - integrates sensory info

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2
Q

Name the two hemispsheres

A

Left and right

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Left hemisphere?

A

Mathematical, analytical and logical processing

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the right hemisphere?

A

Spacial recognition, face recognition, sense perception, emotion and artistic functions

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain? (not the lobes)

A

Corpus Callosum
Cortex
Cerebellum

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6
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Receives senses and controls movement, located at bottom of brain

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7
Q

What does the Cortex do?

A

Covers the cerebrum, in folds, and plays a role in memory, attention, thought and language

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8
Q

What is the scientific name for the brain?

A

Cerebrum

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9
Q

What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

A

A thick band of nerve fibres that divides the cerebrum into the left and right hemispheres.

Connects the hemispheres to allow for communication between both

Transfers motor sensory and cognitive info between the hemispheres

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10
Q

Define contralateral relationship of the brain

A

The idea that the opposite side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain eg. left hemisphere controls right side of body

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11
Q

What differences are there between our brains and other animals?

A
  • Ratio size is different
  • Cerebellum is much bigger
  • Cortex is more extensive and controlling over vocal tract
  • More neurons
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12
Q

What is the WADA test?

A

Injecting different parts of the brain with anaesthetic to see which features are disabled. eg. Inject left hemisphere = disabled language

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13
Q

What is Dichotic listening?

A

Playing different sounds into either ear and the person saying which they comprehend. That heard in the right ear dominates as the left hemisphere is language

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14
Q

Define Commissurotomy

A

An operation where an incision is made into the brain to treat psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy

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15
Q

What is split brain?

A

When the corpus callosum is severed to some degree resulting in the loss of communication between the right and left side of the brain

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16
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Loss of some/all of language following damage to left hemisphere

There are 2 types

17
Q

What are the two types of aphasia?

A

Broca’s and Wernicke’s

18
Q

What are the 6 features of Broca’s aphasia?

A
  • Front lobe
  • Word finding difficulties
  • Opposite or related semantic fields
  • Problems with pronunciation
  • Frustration
  • Incomplete grammar
19
Q

What are the 5 features of Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • Temporal lobe
  • Fluent
  • Nonsense syllables
  • Can’t follow what is being said
  • Utterances lack meaning
20
Q

What are the limitations of comparing language processing by different people?

A
  • individual differences

- language processing by those with brain damage might not be typical of language processing by non-disabled people

21
Q

What does brain imaging do?

A

Tracks electrical impulses/changes in blood flow during activities

22
Q

What does brain imaging show?

A
  • Different brain activity
  • Areas where activity occurs
  • Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are major junctions in language processing
23
Q

Define the critical period

A

The idea that the first few years of development are vital in terms of language learning.

Gradual reduction in acquisition ability

24
Q

Give an example of a neglected child and how this affected their development

A

Genie (feral child)
1960s
Kept in a room, isolated and abused
Never learnt to speak

25
Q

Define lateralisation

A

When functions become more dominant in one side of the brain

26
Q

Define localisation

A

The idea that different parts of the brain have and control different functions

Language and the Mind (7 decks)

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