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Microbiology > Lab Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Morphological characteristics

A

shape, size, and arrangement of cells; only visible under a microscope

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2
Q

Cultural characteristics

A

color & colonies (size, etc.); seen with the naked eye

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3
Q

physiological characteristics

A

metabolic reactions with enzymes

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4
Q

What are the physical growth requirements of bacteria?

A

optimum temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure

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5
Q

What are the chemical growth requirements of bacteria?

A

water, carbon, ATP, nitrogen, minerals and growth factors

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6
Q

Give examples of aspectic techniques

A

flaming innoculating loops, handwashing, wiping tables, and the autoclav

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7
Q

Media

A

“food” for culture to grow

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8
Q

Chemically defined media

A

Normal media; chemical composition is known

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9
Q

Complex media

A

Normal media; chemical compostion is unknown (used in our lab)

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10
Q

Enrichment media

A

Contains additives/growth facotrs to enhance growth
ex. sheep blood is TSA

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11
Q

Selective media

A

Contains additives for enhancement of some organisms and inhibitors for other organims
ex. antibiotics in TSA

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12
Q

Differential media

A

Contain pH indicators; change colors to distinguish organisms by metabolic processes

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13
Q

Hemolysis

A

When red blood cells break open; zone of clearing for lysing
-must use blood agar plates

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14
Q

What is a pure culture?

A

containing only one species of bacteria
-acheived using isolation techniques

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15
Q

Name 2 examples of isolation techniques

A

T-streak and Pour plate

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16
Q

What is a pour plate?

A

diluting known volumes of culture into tubes then plating
-more accurate and quantitative than T-streak

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17
Q

Minimum temperature

A

the lowest temp for growth

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18
Q

Maximum temperature

A

the highest temp for growth

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19
Q

Optimum temperature

A

when organisms repoduce most rapidly

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20
Q

What happens when a cell is above its maximum temperature?

A

the proteins of the cell are denatured causing irreverisible cell death

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21
Q

What happens when a cell is below its minimmum temperature?

A

There is not enough thermal energy; the cell will survive, but it will not work or grow properly until temp rises

22
Q

What is the optimum growth range for psychrophiles

A

-5C to 20C

23
Q

What is the optimum growth range for mesophiles

A

20C to 50C

24
Q

What is the optimum growth range for thermophiles

A

50C to 80C

25
Q

What is the optimum growth range for hyperthermophiles

A

above 80C

26
Q

What category do humans fall under for temperature?

A

mesophilic

27
Q

What is the range for a acidophile?

A

pH of 5.5 or below

28
Q

What is the range for a nuetrophile?

A

pH of 5.5-8

29
Q

What is the range for a alkaliphile?

A

pH greater than 8

30
Q

What happens when pH is too acidic or too basic?

A

Proteins are denatured and it causes irreversible cell death

31
Q

Osmosis

A

When water moves from a low concentration to high concentration

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

Cell is place in low solute concentraiton; H2O moves into the cell
-in bacteria, cell wall protects the cell from bursting

33
Q

Isotonic

A

concentation of solute is equal on both sides of the membrane; H2O enter and leaves the cell at the same rate

34
Q

Hypertonic

A

Cell is placed in high solute concentration; H2O moves out of cell
-in bacteria, cell wall keeps the cell from collapsing, but the cell will die b/c there is lack of H2O

35
Q

Halophile

A

able to grow in greater than 3% NaCl

36
Q

Extreme halophile

A

requires at least 13% NaCl

37
Q

Facultative halophile

A

tolerates a wide range of NaCl
ex. Staph Epi.

38
Q

obligate

A

restriced to a narrow range

39
Q

osmophile

A

requires high concentraions of organic solutes, such as sugar

40
Q

Most bacteria live when NaCl concentration are _________

A

less than 3%

41
Q

U.V. light is _________________

A

a type of (non-ionizing) radiation

42
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

have wavelengths less than 1 nanometer

43
Q

Non-ionizing radiation

A

wavelengths greater than 1 nanometer; less energy than ionizing radiation

44
Q

What does U.V light attack

A

The DNA of a cell

45
Q

How does U.V. light affect the cell

A

Creating thymine dimers that cause a mutation that leads to cell death

46
Q

Thymine diners

A

create a bulge in the DNA helix which affects replication and transcription
-change the covalent bonds from T-A to T-T

47
Q

Can cells repair thymine dimers?

A

Yes, but if there is too much exposure and are too many mutations the cell will die

48
Q

Can U.V penetrate everything?

A

No, it does not penetrate surfaces
-can disinfect, air, top of surfaces, H2O, etc.

49
Q

What is cancer?

A

mutations in cell divison genes-thymine dimers

50
Q

What is the most effective wavelength for thymine dimers?

A

265 nanometers

Microbiology (4 decks)

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