L2 - mendelian genetics 1

Question 1

how many and what type of cells are the daughter cells of mitosis

Answer 1

1 diploid to 2 diploid

Question 2

how many and what type of cells are the daughter cells of meiosis

Answer 2

1 diploid to 4 haploid

Question 3

describe interphase

Answer 3

chromosomes uncoiled forming chromatin

G1, S , G2 (DNA replication)

Question 4

describe prophase

Answer 4

chromosomes supercoil and condense
centrioles move apart towards poles
NE breaks down

Question 5

describe pro metaphase

Answer 5

chromosomes clear double structures

centrioles reach poles and form spindle fibres

Question 6

describe metaphase

Answer 6

chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

spindle fibres attach to centromere

Question 7

describe anaphase

Answer 7

spindle fibres shorten

sister chromatids separate to opposite poles

Question 8

describe telophase

Answer 8

chromatids reach each pole
NE reforms
cytokinesis starts

Question 9

what does bivalent mean

Answer 9

pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes

Question 10

what is a tetrad

Answer 10

after DNA replication when the 4 copies of a chromosome line up (2 PAIRS of homologous cs)

Question 11

what stages can chiasmata form ?

Answer 11

meiosis prophase 1

Question 12

define mendels law of independent assortment

Answer 12

random alignment of paternal and maternal chromosomes in meiosis 1, they can end up at either pole

Question 13

what is the ratio (of phenotypes) of a mendelian heterozygous monohybrid cross

Answer 13

3:1

Question 14

what is monohybrid cross

Answer 14

looking at the cross of one gene only (and its alleles)

Question 15

what is dihybrid cross

Answer 15

looking at the cross of 2 genes (and their alleles)

Question 16

what is the ratio (of phenotypes) of a mendelian heterozygous dihybrid cross

Answer 16

9:3:3:1