Knee Flashcards
Knee Bony Palpation
patella
tibial tubercle
medial tibial plateau
medial femoral condyle
lateral tibial plateau
lateral femoral condyle
fibular head
Knee Soft Palpation
Quadriceps muscles
- rectus femoris
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
Bursae
- prepatellar bursa
- infrapetellar tendon
- superficial infrapatellar bursa
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
medial mensicus
lateral meniscius
Pes anserine Area
- sartorius
- gracilis
- semitendinosus
gastrocnemius muscle
popliteal fossa
Knee ROM
Flexion 135°
Extension 0°
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
McMurray’s Sign
( + ) clicking sound or pain by the knee joint
( i ) Tear of medial meniscus if positive is on external rotation.
Tear of lateral meniscus of positive is on internal rotation.
The higher the leg is raised during extension when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury.
Medial Collateral Ligament Test
Abduction Stress Test/Valgus Stress Test
( + ) gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line
( i ) torn medial colllateral ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament Test
Adduction Stress Test/Varus Stress Test
( + ) gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line
( i ) torn lateral colllateral ligament
Bounce Home Test
( + ) Knee does not go into full extension (slight flexion remains)
( i ) Diffuse swelling of the knee, accumulation of fluid due to possible torn meniscus
Drawer Test
a. ( + ) Gapping more than 6mm (tibia moves posterior) when the leg is pushed
a. ( i ) torn posterior cruciate ligament
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b. ( + ) Gapping more than 6mm (tibia moves anterior) when the leg is pulled
bl ( i ) torn anterior cruciate ligament
Lachman Test
( + ) Gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur
( i ) Anterior cruciate ligament or posterior oblique ligament instability
Apprehension Test for the Patella
( + ) Apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line
( i ) Chronic patella dislocation or pre-disposition to dislocation
Patella Femoral Grinding Test
Clarke Sign
( + ) Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction
( i ) Degenerative changes of the patellar facets and/or within the trochlear groove (chondromalacia patella)
Patella Ballottment Test
( + ) A floating sensation of the patella
( i ) A large amount of swelling in the knee
Apley Compression Test
( + ) Patient points to side of pain
( i ) Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear
Apley Distraction Test
( + ) Patient points to side of pain
( i ) Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear
