Key Words Flashcards
Ecozone
The geographical area shares a natural environment including biodiversity within it. Organisms and the environment interact with the ecozone. AC has 5 ecozones.
Mikmaq
The home was in NS, PEI, and most of NB. Hunter and gatherers. Resources were exploited seasonally.
Wolastoqiyik
AKA Maliseet. Apart of western NB.
Innu
Labrador peninsula
Innuit
Labrador coast
Beothuk
Extinct tribe of NFL. Hunted to extinction
Settler Colonialism
“White settler society”. White people suck and took over.
Imagined Communities
Social constructs exist only in the minds of those within the community. You can never know everyone within your community.
Imagined Geography
Created via images, texts, or discourses. E.g. lobsters and lighthouses in NB.
Thirdspace
Interactions within society. Helps understand how people experience their space and give meaning to it
William deGarthe
Painted fishing practices giving NS to give imagined geography of the region in the 20th century.
Wallace MacAskil
Skilled photographer. Built an atmosphere through photos
Joseph R Smallwood
Convinced NFL people to join Canada (thought there would be a lot of positives)
National Convention
Decision to either continue commission government, join US, appoint a responsible government, or join Canada.
Commission of Government
Suspended responsible government due to corruption. Had a governor and six commissioners (three NFL + three British)
Republic of Newfoundland
Does not make sense. Shows unity of the region. A term used in pop culture and clothing merch.
Loyalist
People who were loyal to the British during the American revolution were promised land.
Peskotomuhkati
Southern NB by Maine Border. Not recognized. Reservation for them in Washington County Maine. Language and culture similar to Wolastoqiyik
Rupublic of Madawaska
Distinct region. Close interactions with both Quebec and US.
David Adams Richards
Award-winning writer from Miramichi NB
Miramichi Trilogy
A piece of writing done by DAR
Antonine Maillet
Wrote stories about her Acadian heritage
State-sponsored Acadians
US gave money to Canada
Anne of Green Gables
Novel by LMM. Popular around the world.
Lucy Maud Montgomery
Author of Anne of Green Gables.
Epekwitk
Mikmaw on PEI
Cavendish
Location of Anne of Green Gables. Relies on tourism.
Non-resident land ownership
People from other regions had land in Pei. Priority was given to residents of the island
Cultural area
Indigenous geographically defined area. 6 in AC.
Tribal Council
Grouping of first nations with common interests who come together to provide a service to other first nations
Treaties of Peace and Friendship
Treaties signed by indigenous and whites
Grand Chief Gabriel Syllliboy
arrested for hunting and having pelts out of season
Donald Marshall Jr
Wrongful imprisonment
Treaty Rights
Rights through agreements made
Aboriginal Rights
Rights-based off ancestry
Marshall Decision
Based on treaties, fishing licenses were given to all members of indigenous communities. They could fish at a reasonable amount (moderate livelihood.
Le Grande Derangement
Acadian deportation in 1755 to Louisiana and other places. They did not think they would be loyal to the British. 13 000 Acadians living in AC at the time.
Acadian Cultural awakening
Acadian renewal in the 50s and 60s to today.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Wrote a poem about the deportation of Acadian people
Pere Anselme Chaisson
Preserved Acadian culture through songs and writings
Black Loyalists
- Loyal to British but given no or crappy land for their loyalty.
Maroons
The black community in Maritimes from Jamaica. They did not like Halifax and requested to be sent to Africa which they were. Joined free blacks in Africa.
Cokeville
Where black residents in Sydney NS lived. Lots of soot and crap from the coke plant (Steel).
Viola Desmond
Was removed from a movie theatre for sitting in the whites section. Similar to Rosa Parks
Black Refugees
Blacks who came from the US after the war of 1812. Created small communities.
Africville
The black community in HRM. Bad living conditions like Cokeville.
Shubenacadie Indian Residential School
Residential School in Shubenacadie NS.
Rita Joe
Mikmaw poet. Attended SIRS. Wrote books and poems.
Day Schools
In NB. Only occurred during the day and they got to go home.
Isabelle Knockwood
Wrote a book about the physical labor done to children at the residential schools.
Peter H. Bryce
The doctor saw that living conditions within the residential school were not good enough out west. He was ignored.
Duncan Campbell Scott
Ran residential school system from 1913-1932. Made it mandatory to go if you were under 15.
Sixties Scoop
Indigenous children were removed from their families and put into the welfare system with white families.
Public Health
Encomposes both health care and social policy. Focused on the macro (not individuals)
Great Influenza
AKA Spanish Influenza. Affected a third of the world’s population. At least 50 million deaths. Unsure where the origin was. 2000 deaths in Nova Scotia.
Okak
An Inuit community that influenza killed 204/263 people
AS Kendall
MLA of Cape Breton. Saw a link between health and young people moving away. Attempted to try and get young people to stay and work on farm.
National Policy
Highlighted tariffs, railway, and western development. Industrial growth in Maritimes from 1881-to 1891 was significant.
Industrial Consolidation
Companies were controlled by bigger businesses in larger cities.
Branch Plants
Lots of branches of businesses
Flight of Capital
Capital was being lost in the Atlantic region
“Have-not” region
People are moving away from the area.
Tartenism
Making something more Scottish
JFB Livesay
Made Peggys cove emphasis of “folk and tradition”
Helen Creighton
One of Canada’s best-known folklorists and researchers. Began a broadcasting program on the radio called “Aunt Helen”
Antimodernism
- rejection of industrialization and mechanization
- focused on a time when everything was better (golden age)
- connectedness to a region where tradition is more important than change for the better
Irish Loop
A highway loop within the Avalon peninsula in Newfoundland with some of the oldest settler communities in Canada
Miramichi Irish Festival
An example of an event that commemorates a particular version of the past, while catering to a tourist market (1984)
Atlantic Revolution
Atlantic Canada was a shitshow financially after WWII. 50s were much better (decade of development and youth culture).
Massey Commission
(do not need to know)
Equalization
A value that programs like social welfare value
Outport resettlement
People moving from small towns to larger cities
Louis Robichaud
First Acadian Liberal Premiere in 1960 of NS (previous lawyer)
Admired by Acadian people.
Program of Equal Opportunity
The legislation was established to make things more equal. Including medicare, stimulating the economy, modernizing government administrations, and improving municipal administration.
Universite de Moncton
Opened in 1964. Became a site for acadian awakening especially with young people. Two young people delivered severed pigs head to mayor.
Leonard Jones
Mayor of Moncton who was not liked.
Stateless Community
A community that should have its own designated space
Cottage Hospitals
Floating hospital ship service
Outpost Nursing
Program the recruited nurses and properly trained them in atlantic Canada. Dal. Learned criticial skills nurses in other parts of canada were not required to know.
Blue Flu
Nurses wages did not increase so a bunch called in sick in 1975 to prove a point. After this 24% wage increase.
Keddy’s Strike
A strike against Keddy’s Nursing home in Halifax. 1983.
Eastern Shore National Park
Industrial development + forest conservation. Sheet harbor is located here (eastern shore NS).
Kouchibouguac
National Park established in Kent Co. , NB
Jackie Vautour
Guy who did not want to give up land for national park.. Fought for land back until his death. Got other people to think about not selling that changed the arrangment of the park.
Acadian Metis
People of Acadian descent who claimed they were first nations. They were not. Did it so their land wouldn’t be taken away.
Halifax Provisional Battalion
The stopped rebellion that was fighting anti-whiteness (north-west rebellion) in 1885
Trinity Royal Preservation District
An area of uptown Saint John (1982) that the great fire once destroyed included kings square, some of water street, prince William, king, charlotte, and harding streets.
The Battle of Harbour Drive
Historic buildings on lower water street had to be destoryed to make the cogswell street “highway” to pier 21 excessible to downtown. There was a lot of controversy over this. (1967)
Historic Properties
Old 1800s buildings being kept around in downtown Halifax to commemorate history and are under protection.
Jacob Street (from reading)
Location and start of urban renewal in Halifax (north end). Residents were mainly white. People had to be relocated off the street.
Cod moratorium
Pressure to chill with cod fishing in Newfoundland in the 1990s.
Black Friday
October 13, 1967
An announcement was made about the closure of the Sydney steel plant.
Parade of Concern
Parade in Sydney held after the closure of steel mill.
Sysco
A provincial crown corporation that took over the steel plant is Sydney to prevent outmigration.
Bricklin
Sports car made in Saint john and Minto NB. Govenment gave 4.5 million in funding. Was supposed to make money for the region. Company bankrupted after 1 year. (70s)
Clairtone
Amazing stereos. Weren’t selling so switched to tvs where the government gave lots of money to fund a plant in Stellerton, NS. Government bought company in 1967 but losses continued resulting in a loss profit of $25 million.
200-mile limit
Boats were coming to the grand banks region near newfoundland to fish. Newfoundland extended their juristication to 200 miles around the province to limit global fishing in the area in 1977.
Stewardship fishery
Only small commercial cod fisheries are allowed currently to allow cod population to regrow after overfishing in the 80s.
Stewardship fishery
Only small commercial cod fisheries are allowed currently allowing cod population to regrow after overfishing in the 80s.
Centralization
Moved first nations to two larger communities instead of several smaller ones in the 20s and 30s due to a poor economy.
Nora Bernard
Former resident at Shubenacadie residential school. Started an organization that talked about the injustices of survivors of residential schools and fought to make things right. They won the court case. TRC
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Created during the settlement agreement .
Murray Sinclair
Chair of TRC. First indiginous judge.
Common experience payment
Gave money to residential school peoples who suffered physical or sexual abuse.
Cultural genocide
Destruction of someones culture. Changed values within individuals.
