Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain chromosomes

A

Thread like structures of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells

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2
Q

Explain inherited characteristics

A

Inherited characteristics are controlled by genes and passed from parents to children

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3
Q

Explain non inherited characteristics

A

Non inherited characteristics are not controlled by genes but are learned during life

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4
Q

Where are the chromosomes located

A

The nucleus of a cell

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5
Q

What are chromosomes made of

A

DNA and protein

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6
Q

Where are genes located

A

On chromosomes and chromosomes are in the nucleus of a cell

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7
Q

What are Genes

A

Short sections of DNA which control our inherited characteristics and are found on the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells

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8
Q

How many chromosomes in Human cells

A

46 chromosomes, made up of 2 sets of 23 inherited from each parent

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9
Q

List characteristics all humans have in common

A

One nose
2 eyes
Fingernails
One heart

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10
Q

List characteristics that differ from one human to another

A

Height
Eye color
Interest in sport
Accent

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11
Q

List inherited characteristics

A
Height
Eye color
Shape of face
Length of eye lashes
The ability to produce saliva, tears, enzymes
All of these Re controlled by genes
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12
Q

List non inherited characteristics

A
The ability to speak foreign languages
Interest in sport
Writing
Reading
Using a computer
These are things we have learned and are NOT controlled by genes
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13
Q

Why are chromosomes not clearly visible in most cells

A

Because they are stretched I to very long, thin threads

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14
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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15
Q

How many cells in a sperm

A

23

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16
Q

How many chromosomes in an egg

A

23

17
Q

How many chromosomes in a zygote

A

46

18
Q

How many chromosomes in sex cells

A

Sex cell is either an egg or a sperm so there are 23

19
Q

How many PAIRS of chromosomes are in most cells

A

23

20
Q

twins are described as identical. What does this tell us about their genetic makeup

A

Same DNA

21
Q

Name 2 substances chromosomes are made from

A

DNA and protein

22
Q

Name 2 adaptations fish have to help them live in water

A

Gills
Their color can be used for camouflage
Scales

23
Q

At a certain stage in the life of a cell thread like structures containing genes can be seen in the nucleus

What are these threadlike structures called.

A

Chromosomes

24
Q

Genes are found on chromosomes, give a role genes play in life process

A

Passing on of characteristics, eg eye colour

25
Q

Where is DNA located in cells

A

I. The genes which are found on the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells

26
Q

What substance are genes made of

A

DNA and protein

27
Q

What is genetics

A

The study of how traits or characteristics are inherited