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Ireland (redo this one) > Key Facts > Flashcards

Key Facts Flashcards

0
Q

What 3 acts did Gladstone introduce when he became pm in 1868?

A

1869 disestablishment of the (Irish) church act

1870 first land act-provided compensation for improvements but didn’t give 3Fs

1873 university bill

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1
Q

What did Gladstone say when he heard he had become PM in 1868?

A

My mission is to pacify Ireland

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2
Q

When was the home league association founded?

-by whom?

A

1870

-isacc butt

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3
Q

What was the home league association replaced by?

A

The home rule league

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4
Q

How many MPs declared themselves in favour of home rule around 1874?

A

60

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5
Q

Before Gladstone lost power in 1874, how many seats did the liberals lose in Ireland?
-which party emerged?

A

54 (from 66 to 12)

-home rule league party emerged

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6
Q

Who became PM after Gladstone in 1874?

A

Disraeli (conservative)

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7
Q

When did the land war last?

A

1879-80

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8
Q

What formed during the land war in 1879?

-who became its president?

A

The land league

-Charles Stuart Parnell

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9
Q

When did Gladstone come into power for the second time?

A

1880-1885

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10
Q

Following the death of isacc butt, who became leader of the home rule league in 1879?

A

William shaw

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11
Q

When did the HRL party become the IPP?

A

1880

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12
Q

Who formed the land league?

A

Michael davitt

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13
Q

What did the land league want?

-what tactics did they use?

A

The 3Fs-fair rent, free sale, fixity of tenure

-boycotting unfair landlords, mostly peaceful but some violence (eg cutting off cows tails on boycotted farms)

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14
Q

What acts did Gladstone introduce as part of coercion and concession 1880-1885?

A

Coercion-coercion act 1881
->allowed people to be detained without trial for “as long as necessary”

Concession-1881 land act
->granted the 3Fs

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15
Q

Why was 1880 the start of the new departure for Irish politics?

A

Amalgamation of constitutional, agrarian radicalism and revolutionary nationalism
-Parnell, davitt and Devon coming together

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16
Q

What happened in 1882?

A

The Phoenix park murders-Irish secretary and under secretary were murdered

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17
Q

Why was Parnell imprisoned in kilmainham jail in 1882?

A

He publicly criticised Gladstone over the 1881 land act and in response to gladstones warnings

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18
Q

What did the kilmainham treaty of 1882 agree?

A

Parnell would be released
Coercion act would be relaxed
Parnell would use his influence to stop the violence and support the land act

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19
Q

How did Parnell use the Phoenix park murders to his advantage?

A

He used it to distance himself from he radical land league under davitt and the Fenians

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20
Q

What did Parnell form in October 1882?

A

A new party, the Irish national league

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21
Q

What did the representation of the people act of 1884 do?

A

Extend the vote to rural areas of ireland

-incresed support for the Irish national league

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22
Q

What was set up in 1884?

A

The Gaelic athletic association

-promoted Gaelic sports

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23
Q

When did the Irish party switch their votes from liberal to conservative?

A

9th June 1885

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25
Q

What happened when the liberals were voted out in 1885?

A

Lord Salisbury (conservative) formed a caretaker government

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26
Q

Why did the conservatives pass the Ashbourne act?

A

To encourage support form the IPP after Gladstone was outvoted

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27
Q

What was the Ashbourne act?

  • when was it passed?
  • by who?
A

Provided 100% state loans to tenants at low interest rates

  • 1885
  • lord Salisbury’s government
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29
Q

Why didn’t Gladstone initially speak up in favour of home rule?

A

Feared he would be accused of lost morals, just trying to get votes

Worried about splitting the liberals

Salisbury appeared about to pass a home rule policy

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30
Q

Why was Gladstones hand forced in December 1885?

A

His son leaked to the press Gladstone had a plan for home rule
=the Hawarden kite

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31
Q

After the Hawarden kite, by how many votes did the conservatives lose?

A

They lost 252 seats to 331

although some liberals didn’t vote and some even joined the conservatives

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32
Q

What did gladstones government introduce in 1886?

A

The first home rule bill

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33
Q

What did the first home rule bill propose?

A

An all-Irish 2 house parliament
No Irish MPs in Westminster
A land purchase scheme
The Lord lieutenant of Ireland would remain
England would keep control of defence, foreign policy, trade, customs and the police (temporarily)

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34
Q

How far did the first home rule bill get in parliament?

How many votes did it lose by?

A

It got to its second reading

-it was defeated by 30 votes (50 of Joseph chamberlains liberals voted against)

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35
Q

What happened to gladstones government following the defeat of the first HRB?

A

They lost to the conservatives in the election that year

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36
Q

What was conservative policy in 1886-92 under lord Salisbury regarding home rule?

A

Killing home rule with kindness (cohesion and concession)

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37
Q

What policies did the conservatives introduce 1886-92 under cohesion and concession?

A

Perpetual crimes act 1887-those agitating for land reform could be arrested

Land act 1887-helped tenants use courts to reduce rents

Criminal law amendment act 1887-police given extra power, right to suspend trial by jury

Land purchase act 1888-extended Ashbourne act by making more money avaliable

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38
Q

What event happens in September 1887?

A

Mitchelstown massacre

-3 protestors shot dead by RIC

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39
Q

Who forged letters incriminating Parnell in the Mitchelstown massacre?

A

Pigott

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40
Q

What famous speech did Parnell five in January 1885?

A

‘Ne plus ultra’-Parnell stated the ultimate goal of Irish nationalism

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41
Q

How many votes did each group get in the November 1885 election?
-what did this mean for the IPP?

A

Liberals 335
Conservatives 249
IPP 86

-this meant the IPP held the balance of power in parliament since neither had enough for a majority

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42
Q

Why did Gladstone not speak up about decision about home rule at Hawarden castle in the summer of 1885?

A

Worried he would be accused of counter bidding for votes

Concerned about splitting the liberals

Lord Salisbury seemed likely to introduce his own HRB

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43
Q

What famous saying did Gladstone use when he came into power for the third time in 1886?

A

He was determined to “grasp the Irish nettle”

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44
Q

Why did Gladstone move forward quickly with the first HRB?

A

Believed (wrongly) that a potentially revolutionary situation was brewing in Ireland

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45
Q

Why did gladstones quick go-ahead with the first HRB cause problems for him?

A

Didn’t have time to educate the voters or his party on the issue
->a lot of his colleges were left in the dark as a result

Reinforced conservative position against home rule

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46
Q

What did the first HRB propose?

A

An Irish parliament with 2 representative levels-one elected by the people, another by propertied classes

Britain kept control of the crown, defence and empire

£3,242,000 would be paid to Britain

No Irish MPs would sit at Westminster

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47
Q

Which part of the first home rule bill was especially hated?

A

The idea of removing all Irish MPs from Westminster

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48
Q

How far did the first home rule bill get in parliament?

-how many votes was it defeated by?

A

It’s second reading in the house of commons

-30 votes

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49
Q

Who formed the liberal unionists in 1886?

A

Joseph chamberlain and 50 other liberals

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50
Q

What were the results of the 1886 general election?

A

Conservatives: 316
Liberals: 193
IPP: 86
Liberal unionists: 77

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51
Q

What happened to the liberals as a result of the failure of the first HRB?

A

They lost power in the 1886 general election because of the split in the party

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52
Q

What happened in Belfast after the defeat of the first HRB?

-how many were killed/injured?

A

Sectarian rioting from the Protestant minority, disgusted with HRB
-32 died and 371 injured

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53
Q

How many votes did unionists and nationalists get in Ireland in the 1886 general election?

A

Ulster:

  • 15 U
  • 16 N

For the rest of Ireland:

  • 2 U
  • 68 N
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54
Q

How came into power after the defeat of the first HRB?

A

The conservative Lord Salisbury

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55
Q

What was conservative policy toward home rule in 1886 when they came into power?

A

A mix of coercion and concession

-“killing home rule with kindness”

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56
Q

What was the Plan of campaign in 1886?

-who was behind this campaign?

A

It aimed to force down rents through collective action

-it was organised by the national land league

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57
Q

What did the perpetual crimes act 1887 state?

A

Those agitating for land reform through boycotts and rent strikes could be arrested

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58
Q

What happens at they mitchelstown massacre in 1887?

-what did the conservative government so as a result?

A

3 protestors were shot dead by the royal Irish constabulary

-gov gave police greater power as a result

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59
Q

Who condemned the plan of campaign in May 1886?

A

Pope Leo XIII

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60
Q

What concession measures did the conservative government in 1886 introduce?

A

A land act in 1887- helps tenants use courts to reduce rents

Land purchase acts 1888 and 1891- gave another £5 million which tenants could access as loans to buy land

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61
Q

What events from 1886 onwards marked the end of Parnell?

A

Conservatives in 1886- P tied to the liberals so he had no negation flexibility

1887-1888 (faked) letters printed in the Times giving impression Parnell was sympathetic to Irish nationalist violence

1890- his affair with kitty o’shea uncovered, after which he still refused to leave the party

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62
Q

When did Parnell die?

A

6 October 1891

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63
Q

What did the IPP split into after the death of Parnell?

A

Irish national league- led by John Redmond

Irish national federation- led by John Dillon

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64
Q

How did the liberals ago power once again in 1892?

A

The conservatives had lost 80 seats due to rising discontent amoungst poorer workers (vote had been extended)

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65
Q

What was gladstones majority in parliament in 1892?

A

40 seats

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66
Q

How did Gladstone alter the second home rule bill?

A

The financial situation was made more favourable to Ireland

80 Irish MPs allowed to stay in Westminster

Ulster was considered although no special measures were introduced

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67
Q

By how many votes did the second HRB pass in its second and third readings in 1893?
-how did Gladstone describe this?

A

2nd=43 votes
3rd=34 votes
-Gladstone described this as “too small, too small”

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68
Q

By how many votes did the second HRB lose by in the House of Lords?

A

419 votes to 41

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69
Q

What was the argument from the House of Lords for rejecting the second HRB in 1893?

A

They argued that since the majority of English MPs had opposed it, they felt obliged to reject it

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70
Q

Why did Gladstone not manage home rule?

A

Gladstone’s misunderstandings:

  • Gave an importance to HR, not felt by entire party
  • Didn’t give enough time to win people over/present his arguments clearly enough
  • for liberal radicals eg Chamberlain hr stood against what they stood for (efficient, progressive gov with an imperial framework)

English opposition:

  • significant anti-Irish and anti-catholic feelings amongst English voters
  • house of lords fiercely anti-HR (as mostly conservative)
  • Irish HR might lead to disintegration of their empire

Nationalist/unionist divisions:
-discontent on both sides suggests HR wouldn’t have worked anyway

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71
Q

What was constructive unionism?

A

Conservative policy 1895-1902

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72
Q

What did the 1891 land act do?

Constructive unionism

A

It made £33 million avaliable

-55000 tenants took advantage

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73
Q

What was the congested boards district, formed 1891?

Constructive unionism

A

Helped resettle people from over/under populate regions

Built new homes (3000 in total)

Promoted rural industry

By 1923, they had bought and redistributed 2 million acres of land

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74
Q

What was the recess committee (set up between 1895 and 1896)?

A

It was a cross party committee set up to look at ways to improve Irish agriculture

75
Q

What was the all-Ireland committee of 1897?

A

A committee with a range of opinions from redmond’s nationalists to colonel Edward sandersons unionsts

76
Q

What did the local government of Ireland act do in 1898?

A

It reformed Irish local government

  • made up of county councils, urban and rural district councils and boards of the guardian
  • male householders and occupants had the vote
77
Q

In the Irish April 1899 election how many seats did the nationalists and unionists get?

A

N=300

U=83

78
Q

What did the Wyndham land act of 1903 do?

A

£12 million made available as bonuses to landlords encouraging them to sell their land

Tenants pay for land in annual payments over 68yrs at 3.25% interest

79
Q

How did nationalists react to the why ham land act in 1903?

A

They didn’t like it, they believed it would distract people from home rule

80
Q

Between 1902 and 1905 who took over as prime minister?

A

Arthur Balfour

81
Q

When did Arthur balfours government resign?

A

December 1905

82
Q

Who won in the elections in January 1906?

-who became the new prime minister?

A

The liberals, by a landslide

-Henry Campbell bannerman

83
Q

What were the names of the 3 initiatives introduced by Campbell bannermans government in 1906?

A

1907 Irish council bill
1908 Irish universities act
1909 land act

84
Q

What did the 1907 Irish council bill state?

-why was it later withdrawn?

A

Some of the administrative powers of Dublin castle (administrative heart of British rule in Ireland) and give it to an elected party

It was withdrawn because it had been criticised too much

  • ancient order of Hibernians
  • Irish party attacked it for being too limited
85
Q

What did the Irish universities act of 1908 do?

A

Created a a national non-denominational university amalgamated from those of cork, Dublin and Galway (although the Protestant trinity college in Dublin was protected)

-designed to give Catholics better access to higher education

86
Q

What did the land act of 1909 do?

A

Introduced idea of compulsory purchase (landlord had to sell, tenant had to buy)

BUT

landlord compensation decreased as well as loans available to tenants

87
Q

What did David Lloyd George present in 1909?

-how far did this get in parliament?

A

The peoples budget
-reforms funded by taxes in rich

-the bill was rejected by the lords

88
Q

What did Lloyd George do in order to force the lords to give up their right to veto a bill?

A

A general election was called in 1910

-results came out same as previous election

89
Q

What act was passed in 1911?

A

The parliament act

-lords could only reject a bill a maximum of 3 times

90
Q

When was the third home rule bill introduced?

A

April 1912

91
Q

What did the third home rule bill offer?

A

A two chamber parliament-40 in senate, 160 in lower house

42 Irish MPs at Westminster

Irish assembly could impose new taxes

Lord lieutenant replaced powers of Dublin castle (administrative heart of Britain in Ireland)

92
Q

Why was the 1911 parliament act beneficial to the HRB?

A

It meant home rule was practically inevitable

93
Q

Who was outraged at the success of the third HRB in the commons?

A

Unionists and conservatives

94
Q

How many people did Andrew bonar law address at Blenheim palace in his campaign against home rule?

A

13,000

95
Q

What did 28th of September 1912 mark for the unionists?

-what was this day called?

A

The mark of a public holiday-set up y ulster unionist council
-called ‘covenant day’

96
Q

What was the solemn league and covenant?

-how many signed it?

A

A document outlining unionist hatred of home rule

-1/2 million men and women signed it

97
Q

Which famous British author/poet wrote a poem supporting unionist anti-home rule views?

A

Rudyard Kipling-“ulster”

-> poem outlined his hatred of home rule

98
Q

What year were the UVF formed?

A

1913

99
Q

By the summer of 1914, how many members did the UVF have?

A

100,000

100
Q

When was the curragh mutiny?

A

March 1914

101
Q

How did the curragh mutiny contribute to increasing tensions between nationalists and unionists?

A

Nationalists felt they were going to be attacked by the British army

Unionists were concerned whether the British army would be used to enforce home rule

102
Q

When was the Larne incident?

  • who was it for?
  • how much was smuggled into Ireland?
A

24/25th April 1914

  • UVF
  • 3 million rounds of ammunition and 25000 rifles
103
Q

When were the IVF formed?

-why did they form?

A

November 1913

-in retaliation to UVF

104
Q

What was redmond’s reaction to the formation of the IVF?

A

He initially disapproved

105
Q

When was the Howth incident?

  • who was it for?
  • how much was smuggled into Ireland?
  • what happened differently at Howrah compared to Larne?
A

16th July 1914

  • the IVF
  • 25,000 rounds of ammunition and 1500 guns
  • this time, 3 unarmed civilians were shot by the army
106
Q

When was the Gaelic league set up?

  • by who?
  • who became leader?
  • what did they want?
A

1893

  • set up by Eoin McNeill
  • led by Douglas Hyde
  • the league was dedicated to promoting Irish education
107
Q

How many members did the Gaelic league have by 1906?

A

75,000 members in 985 branches

108
Q

When did Irish become part of the curriculum in schools?

A

1908

109
Q

What happened to the Irish national league after the death of Parnell?

A

They split into the Irish national league (Redmond) and the Irish national federation (Dillon)

110
Q

What did the INL and INF do in 1900?

A

They merged to form the IPP under the leadership of Redmond

111
Q

When was Sinn Fein created?

-who by?

A

1905

-Arthur Griffith

112
Q

Arthur Griffith believed in abstention-what was this policy?

A

The belief that Ireland shouldn’t have by thing to do with parliament

113
Q

Why was Griffith’s policy of abstentionism initially unpopular?

A

3rd HRB looked likely to become law

IPP was more popular

114
Q

Who organised the Dublin strikes in 1913?

-what happened as a result?

A

James Larkin and James Connelly

-employers locked out their workers and employed bootleg labour=DUBLIN LOCKOUT

115
Q

What was created in response to employers locking out workers in Dublin?
-what did they do?

A

The Irish citizen army

-they protected strikers from the violence of the police

116
Q

What was the idea of partition in aug 1911?

-when was it brought to the cabinet?

A

An ulster 4-county exclusion from home rule

117
Q

Why was the 4county exclusion option rejected in the cabinet in 1912?

A

they felt there was no need to offer a compromise

118
Q

How was the 4-county exclusion policy amended in June 1912?

A

Changed to a 4-county opt out system

-copy would remain independent for around 5yrs then vote later on their involvement in home rule

119
Q

When did discussion of partition become public?

-who was outraged?

A

September 1913

-John Redmond

120
Q

What did the government suggest in march 1914?

A

A county by county opt-out system with a delay of 6 yrs for bringing these counties under any form of home rule

121
Q

What was added to the HRB in May 1914 when it passed through the commons?

A

A county-based exclusion for 6yrs

-if a county opted out they would not form part of independent Ireland for 6yrs

122
Q

How did the lords amend the county-based exclusion attached to the HRB in May 1914?

A

If a county opted out, they would never have to join an independent Ireland

123
Q

What took place in July 1914?

  • what did it aim to do?
  • how successful was it?
A

The Buckingham palace conference

  • it aimed to resolve the arguments surrounding home rule
  • the outcome was indecisive, no deal was made
124
Q

When did the third HRB reach royal assent?

A

18th September 1914

125
Q

How was the passing of the third HRB overshadowed?

A

On the 15th September 1914, another bill was passed stating HR wouldn’t be implemented until after the war

126
Q

When did the first world war break out?

A

The summer of 1914

127
Q

How did John Redmond attempt to contribute to the war effort against Germany?

A

Called for the Irish volunteers to enlist in the British army

128
Q

How many enlisted in the British army form John Redmond?

-what did they form?

A

150,000-170,000

-they called themselves the national volunteers

129
Q

Why were the national volunteers not incorporated into a district army corp?

A

Lord Kitchener (British Secretary of State) was suspicious of Catholics

130
Q

How were he UVF who enlisted into the British army incorporated?

A

They formed the 36th ulster division

131
Q

How many Irish volunteers refused to enlist in the British army?
-who became their leader?

A

10,000

-Eoin Macneill

132
Q

When Irish volunteer Patrick Pearce joined he IRB, what position did he gain?

A

He became a part of their supreme council and secret military council

133
Q

What did the IRB do pre-1916 during WW1?

A

Prepared for military rising in 1916-used IV marches as cover

Took over the Gaelic league

134
Q

When did the Easter rising take place?

A

Easter Monday, April 1916

135
Q

How many Easter rebels were there on total?

A

1300 (from Irish volunteers and members of Irish citizens army)

136
Q

What main building was captured by the Easter rebels?

-what other buildings were captured?

A

The general post office

-the Four courts, the South Dublin Union, Boland’s mill

137
Q

How many soldiers were eventually deployed to put down the Easter rising?

A

18,000-20,000

138
Q

Why did the rebellion come to an end?

A

British overpowered the rebels

Very few took part in the rising, which was confined to Dublin-more support had been expected

Many Irish citizens didn’t support the rising

Eoin Macneill used his position as cheif of staff of IV to ban military activity form them

139
Q

By April 29th how many people had been killed or injured in the Easter rising?

A 
450 killed (inc 250 civilians)
2000 injured
140
Q

When did Patrick Pearce surrender to the British military authorities?

A

29th April

141
Q

What was the British reaction to the Easter rising?

A

Military Governor General Maxwell wanted to arrest all Sinn-feiners-> blamed unfairly for rising

3500 arrested

  • 1800 imprisoned without trial (under DORA)
  • 15 executed=main Easter rebel leaders
  • 75 given life imprisonment eg Eamon de Valera
142
Q

How did the opinion of the Irish change towards the Easter rising?

A

Initially: disgusted by rebels=betrayal, insult to relatives fighting in ww1, blamed Sinn Fein

Later: more favourable to rebels as British actions too harsh, 15 executed became martyrs (died for beliefs)

143
Q

What factors contributed to the rising of Sinn Fein?

A

British reaction to the Easter rebels

Redmond sacrificing the 6 counties

Increase in support for separatist nationalism

Conscription crisis

Blaming SF for Easter rising+potential German bomb plot

The return of imprisoned Irish volunteers

The 1918 coupon election

144
Q

What did the representation of the people act 1918 do?

-how did this help Sinn Fein?

A

Gave vote to all men over 21 and women over 30

-sin. Fein won an overall majority of 65%-could legitimately state they spoke for Ireland

145
Q

When was the Dail Eirann created?

-what was it?

A

21st january 1919

-the parliament of the Irish Republic

146
Q

Why was the Dail Eirann formed?

A

Sinn Fein refused to accept the authority of the British parliament-separatist nationalism

147
Q

What did the Declaration of Independence issued by the Dail Eirann state?

A

Immediate withdrawal of British forces in Ireland

Set up a provisional government of Ireland under Eamon de Valera

148
Q

What did the provisional government of Ireland do?

A

Established its own courts
Collected taxes
Stood opposed to the British government

149
Q

What happened in January 1919?

-what did the IRA do in response?

A

2 policemen in county Tipperary were killed by the IRA

-31st January IRA declares war on Britain

150
Q

Who won an overwhelming majority in the December 1918 general election?

A

David Lloyd George

151
Q

How did the treaty of Versailles impact on potential solutions to the Irish problem?

A

TofV promoted self-determination

-deepen U/N tensions

152
Q

Why were the unionists in a strong position at the end of ww1?

A

The only Irish voices in the House of Commons were the 22 ulster unionists since Sinn Fein had boycotted their seats to set up the Dail

153
Q

Who did DLG appoint as chair of the government’s Irish committee?
-what was he tasked with doing?

A 
Walter long (a former ulster unionist leader)
-had to produce a new HRB
154
Q

What was the main feature of the government plan for Ireland at the end of ww1?

A

Catholics would all move to the 26 southern counties
Protestants would all love to the 6 ulster counties

Both would have their own parliament and a government responsible

155
Q

When did the terms of the government of Ireland act come into effect?

A

May 1921

156
Q

What would the Irish parliaments retain control of?

–what did the imperial parliament control?

A

Most internal affairs

-imperial=police, customs, foreign affairs, defence

157
Q

What happened in the elections for the N Irish parliament after the passing of the gov of Ireland act?

A

40/52 seats went to unionists

James Craig became PM

158
Q

What happened in the lectins for the S Irish counties after the passing of the gov of Ireland act?

A

Sinn Fein won an overwhelming majority

-boycotted this parliament and continued with the Dail Eirann

159
Q

Why did the IRA declare war on Britain?

A

So they could claim their actions as legitimate acts of war not terror

160
Q

Who was the main target for the IRA?

  • why?
  • why was this odd?
A

The RIC (royal Irish constabulary)

  • seen as instruments of the British state
  • 70% were catholic
161
Q

How many had been killed by the end of 1919?

-what destruction did IRA attacks do by the end of 1920?

A

18 policemen killed

  • 16 defended RIC barracks destroyed
  • 29 RIC barracks damaged
  • 424 abandoned buildings burnt
162
Q

Between January 1st and July 1932 how many had been killed/injured?

A

742 men and women killed

866 wounded

163
Q

Why did DLG believe the general public wouldn’t support an operation to defeat Ireland?

A

Public opinion against Anglo-Irish war

-many repulsed by Black and Tan actions

164
Q

How many men would it have taken to defeat Ireland?

A

100,000

165
Q

When was a truce agreed between E de V and DLG?

A

11th July 1921

166
Q

How did the agendas of EdeV and DLG differ?

A

E=full Irish independence

D=dominion status (British monarch as head of state, oath of allegiance to British crown)

167
Q

Who did EdeV send to represent Ireland in London on 11th October 1921?

A

Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith, Robert Barton, George Duffy, diarmund o’hegarty

168
Q

What were the terms of the Anglo-Irish test 1921?

A

Britain would have 3 naval bases in Ireland

n Ireland would be able to opt out
-boundary commission set up (DLG spun story differently to get both sides to agree)

Set up Irish free state

169
Q

What did DLG do on the 5th of December that forced he Irish representatives into signing the Anglo-Irish treaty?

A

DLG threatened war within 3 days if the representatives didn’t reply

170
Q

By how many votes did the Dail Eirann pass the Anglo-Irish treaty?

A

64 votes to 57

171
Q

When did the British formally hand over power to the prov-gov?

A

7th January 1922

172
Q

What did the pro-treaty MPs get in the June 1922 general election?

A

A convincing majority

173
Q

What did the “irregulars” do in April 1922?

A

Seized the four courts in Dublin

174
Q

What impact did the march 1922 Craig-Collins pact have on the situation in Ireland?

A

Little or no impact

175
Q

Who was murdered 22nd June 1922?

A

Ulster unionist Sir Henry Wilson by 2 IRA gunmen

176
Q

How did the prov-gov react to the murder of sir Henry Wilson?

A

They attacked republican forces at the four courts

177
Q

When did Michael Collins die and how?

A

August 1922

-he was ambushed and killed in guerrilla conflict

178
Q

Who was executed on the 24th November 1922?

A

Erskine Childers, republican minister of propaganda

179
Q

How many people did the free state execute during the civil war?

A

77 prisoners

180
Q

Who became head of the Irish government at the end of 1922?

A

William cosgrove

181
Q

Who was killed in march 1923?

A

A number of republicans who were killed in cold blood by their captors

182
Q

What signalled the end of the Irish civil war?

A

The death of the irregular leader Liam lynch in April 1923

183
Q

How many people died in the conflict of the Irish civil war?

A

Around 5000

Ireland (redo this one) (5 decks)

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