Key Area 1.6 - Respiration

Question 1

Name 5 cellular activities that require energy

Answer 1

Muscular contraction

Mitosis

Active transport

Transmission of nerve impulses

Synthesis of proteins

Question 2

What form of usable entertainment is glucose changed into ?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What happens when energy is required for cellular activities ?

Answer 3

ATP is broken down into ADP and one inorganic phosphate

When this happens a small quantity of energy is released

Question 4

Describe the process of respiration

Answer 4

It’s a chemical reaction which generates ATP from the breakdown of glucose

Question 5

State the two types of respiration

Answer 5

Aerobic Respiration ( needs oxygen )

Fermentation ( when no oxygen is available)

Question 6

What’s the word equation of Aerobic respiration ?

Answer 6

Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon Dioxide +Water + ATP

Question 7

Name and describe the first stage of aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Glycolysis

It occurs in the cytoplasm

It’s a sequence of reactions that converts a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules with the production of a small amount of ATP

Oxygen is NOT required for this stage

Question 8

Describe the second stage of aerobic respiration

Answer 8

It occurs in the mitochondrion

This process NEEDS oxygen and is therefore aerobic

It converts pyruvate into carbon dioxide + water and releases a large number of ATP

Question 9

What is fermentation ?

Where did it occur

Answer 9

It’s respiration when no oxygen is present

The process is different in animals than it is in plants and yeast

It occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Describe fermentation in animals

Answer 10

Animals use fermentation when :

a) In oxygen poor environments

b) When exercising vigorously

Word equation is :

Glucose ➡️ lactate + 2 ATP

Stages:

Stage 1 - Glycolysis ( same as aerobic respiration)

Stage 2 - Pyruvate is converted into lactate and releases 2ATP
( this is reversible )

Question 11

Describe fermentation in plants and yeast

Answer 11

They use fermentation when :

a) Root cells of plants are in waterlogged soil

b) Yeast cells are being used to make wine

Word equation :

Glucose ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + ATP

Stages :

Stage 1 - Glycolysis ( the same as aerobic respiration )

Stage 2 - Pyruvate is converted into Carbon dioxide + ethanol and releases little ATP
( this isn’t reversible )