Key Area 1.6 - Respiration Flashcards
Name 5 cellular activities that require energy
Muscular contraction
Mitosis
Active transport
Transmission of nerve impulses
Synthesis of proteins
What form of usable entertainment is glucose changed into ?
ATP
What happens when energy is required for cellular activities ?
ATP is broken down into ADP and one inorganic phosphate
When this happens a small quantity of energy is released
Describe the process of respiration
It’s a chemical reaction which generates ATP from the breakdown of glucose
State the two types of respiration
Aerobic Respiration ( needs oxygen )
Fermentation ( when no oxygen is available)
What’s the word equation of Aerobic respiration ?
Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon Dioxide +Water + ATP
Name and describe the first stage of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
It occurs in the cytoplasm
It’s a sequence of reactions that converts a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules with the production of a small amount of ATP
Oxygen is NOT required for this stage
Describe the second stage of aerobic respiration
It occurs in the mitochondrion
This process NEEDS oxygen and is therefore aerobic
It converts pyruvate into carbon dioxide + water and releases a large number of ATP
What is fermentation ?
Where did it occur
It’s respiration when no oxygen is present
The process is different in animals than it is in plants and yeast
It occurs in the cytoplasm
Describe fermentation in animals
Animals use fermentation when :
a) In oxygen poor environments
b) When exercising vigorously
Word equation is :
Glucose ➡️ lactate + 2 ATP
Stages:
Stage 1 - Glycolysis ( same as aerobic respiration)
Stage 2 - Pyruvate is converted into lactate and releases 2ATP
( this is reversible )
Describe fermentation in plants and yeast
They use fermentation when :
a) Root cells of plants are in waterlogged soil
b) Yeast cells are being used to make wine
Word equation :
Glucose ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + ATP
Stages :
Stage 1 - Glycolysis ( the same as aerobic respiration )
Stage 2 - Pyruvate is converted into Carbon dioxide + ethanol and releases little ATP
( this isn’t reversible )
