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PSYCHOLOGY Category III-Paper III (For classes VIII to X) > KERALA TEACHER ELIGIBILITY TEST (K-TET) > Flashcards

KERALA TEACHER ELIGIBILITY TEST (K-TET) Flashcards

ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY

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1
Q

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of adolescence?

A. Decreased physical growth
B. Emotional instability
C. Decreased intellectual capabilities
D. Less social interaction

A

Emotional instability

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2
Q

Adolescence is typically characterized by the onset of:

A. Puberty
B. Menopause
C. Middle age
D. Early childhood

A

Puberty

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3
Q

One of the main social changes during adolescence is:

A. Less peer influence
B. Increased independence from parents
C. Reduced need for social approval
D. Decreased interest in forming relationships

A

Increased independence from parents

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4
Q

During adolescence, intellectual development is marked by:

A. Decreased capacity for abstract thinking
B. Improved memory and problem-solving skills
C. Fixed cognitive abilities
D. Reduced curiosity and creativity

A

Improved memory and problem-solving skills

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5
Q

Which stage of development includes adolescence according to Erikson’s theory?

A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Integrity vs. Despair

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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6
Q

Which research method involves detailed observation of adolescents in their natural environment?

A. Experimental method
B. Longitudinal study
C. Naturalistic observation
D. Survey method

A

Naturalistic observation

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7
Q

A longitudinal study of adolescents involves:

A. Observing the same individuals over a long period
B. Comparing different groups at one point in time
C. Conducting experiments in a controlled environment
D. Using surveys to gather data from a large population

A

Observing the same individuals over a long period

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8
Q

Which method is best for studying the changes in adolescents’ behavior over time?

A. Cross-sectional method
B. Longitudinal method
C. Case study
D. Experimental method

A

Longitudinal method

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9
Q

The cross-sectional method of studying adolescents involves:

A. Long-term observation of a single individual
B. Comparing different age groups at a single point in time
C. Experimental manipulation of variables
D. Detailed interviews with participants

A

Comparing different age groups at a single point in time

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10
Q

Case studies of adolescents typically provide:

A. Generalizable data
B. In-depth information about individual experiences
C. Quantitative analysis
D. Experimental results

A

In-depth information about individual experiences

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11
Q

One principle of development states that development is:

A. Uniform and unidirectional
B. Multidimensional and interactive
C. Random and unpredictable
D. Fixed and predetermined

A

Multidimensional and interactive

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12
Q

The principle of developmental direction states that development proceeds:

A. From specific to general
B. From general to specific
C. Independently of any order
D. Randomly

A

From general to specific

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13
Q

Which principle of development emphasizes that individuals develop at different rates?

A. Continuity
B. Sequentially
C. Individual differences
D. Uniformity

A

Individual differences

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14
Q

Developmental principles suggest that adolescence involves:

A. Only physical changes
B. Multidimensional changes including physical, cognitive, and social
C. Static intellectual capabilities
D. No emotional fluctuations

A

Multidimensional changes including physical, cognitive, and social

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15
Q

According to the principles of development, adolescence is a time of:

A. Stability and minimal change
B. Significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes
C. Decline in developmental progress
D. Reduced importance of environmental factors

A

Significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes

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16
Q

Heredity primarily influences:

A. Environmental experiences
B. Genetic predispositions
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Educational opportunities

A

Genetic predispositions

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17
Q

The environment plays a significant role in shaping:

A. Genetic code
B. Physical appearance only
C. Behaviors, attitudes, and skills
D. Fixed personality traits

A

Behaviors, attitudes, and skills

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18
Q

Which of the following best represents the interaction between heredity and environment?

A. Nature vs. Nurture debate
B. Genetic determinism
C. Environmental determinism
D. Epigenetics

A

Epigenetics

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19
Q

Environmental factors that influence adolescent development include:

A. Peer relationships
B. Genetic mutations
C. Chromosomal abnormalities
D. DNA sequencing

A

Peer relationships

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20
Q

The concept that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to development is known as:

A. Dual influence theory
B. Genetic determinism
C. Nature-nurture interaction
D. Environmental supremacy

A

Nature-nurture interaction

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21
Q

Physiological needs during adolescence primarily include:

A. Self-actualization and creativity
B. Physical growth and hormonal changes
C. Emotional stability
D. Intellectual achievements

A

Physical growth and hormonal changes

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22
Q

Intellectual development during adolescence involves:

A. Learning basic motor skills
B. Abstract thinking and problem-solving
C. Physical coordination
D. Basic language acquisition

A

Abstract thinking and problem-solving

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23
Q

Language development in adolescence is characterized by:

A. Reduced vocabulary
B. Advanced syntax and semantics
C. Simplified grammatical structures
D. Decreased communication skills

A

Advanced syntax and semantics

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24
Q

Emotional development during adolescence often involves:

A. Stable and consistent emotions
B. Emotional regulation and understanding complex feelings
C. Absence of emotional experiences
D. Decreased empathy

A

Emotional regulation and understanding complex feelings

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25
Q

Social development in adolescence includes:

A. Isolation from peers
B. Building strong friendships and understanding social roles
C. Regressing to early childhood behaviors
D. Decreased interest in social activities

A

Building strong friendships and understanding social roles

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26
Q

One key developmental task of adolescence is:

A. Forming a stable identity
B. Learning to walk
C. Developing basic motor skills
D. Understanding basic language

A

Forming a stable identity

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27
Q

Achieving ________ independence is a major task during adolescence.

A. Financial
B. Social
C. Physical
D. Emotional

A

Social

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28
Q

Establishing ________ relationships is a critical task in adolescent social development.

A. Parental
B. Peer
C. Child
D. Teacher

A

Peer

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29
Q

Adolescents must develop a sense of ________ to successfully transition into adulthood.

A. Inferiority
B. Identity
C. Dependency
D. Regression

A

Identity

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30
Q

Developing career goals and aspirations is part of the ________ developmental tasks.

A. Early childhood
B. Adolescent
C. Late adulthood
D. Middle age

A

Adolescent

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31
Q

Hormonal changes during adolescence can affect:

A. Only physical development
B. Physical, emotional, and social development
C. Intellectual decline
D. Only social skills

A

Physical, emotional, and social development

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32
Q

The onset of puberty is marked by:

A. Completion of physical growth
B. Beginning of physical and hormonal changes
C. End of cognitive development
D. Decline in social interactions

A

Beginning of physical and hormonal changes

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33
Q

During adolescence, girls typically experience the onset of ________ earlier than boys.

A. Menarche
B. Cognitive decline
C. Emotional stability
D. Social isolation

A

Menarche

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34
Q

The adolescent growth spurt is characterized by:

A. Gradual and slow physical growth
B. Rapid and significant physical changes
C. Decreased physical development
D. Static physical characteristics

A

Rapid and significant physical changes

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35
Q

Which system in the body undergoes significant changes during adolescence?

A. Nervous system
B. Endocrine system
C. Respiratory system
D. Digestive system

A

Endocrine system

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36
Q

Formal operational stage, according to Piaget, begins in:

A. Infancy
B. Early childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Late adulthood

A

Adolescence

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37
Q

Critical thinking skills during adolescence help in:

A. Basic motor development
B. Advanced problem-solving and decision-making
C. Learning to speak
D. Simple memory tasks

A

Advanced problem-solving and decision-making

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38
Q

Adolescents’ intellectual development includes an increased ability to:

A. Memorize simple facts
B. Understand complex abstract concepts
C. Rely only on concrete information
D. Ignore hypothetical situations

A

Understand complex abstract concepts

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39
Q

Cognitive flexibility during adolescence allows for:

A. Rigid thinking
B. Adaptability and creative problem-solving
C. Simple rule following
D. Decreased learning capabilities

A

Adaptability and creative problem-solving

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40
Q

Adolescents often experience intense emotions due to:

A. Cognitive decline
B. Hormonal changes and social pressures
C. Decreased social interactions
D. Static emotional experiences

A

Hormonal changes and social pressures

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41
Q

Emotional regulation during adolescence is crucial for:

A. Physical growth
B. Social relationships and mental health
C. Intellectual decline
D. Hormonal balance

A

Social relationships and mental health

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42
Q

Identity formation is a central aspect of ________ development in adolescence.

A. Physical
B. Emotional
C. Cognitive
D. Language

A

Emotional

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43
Q

Increased sensitivity to peer opinions is a characteristic of ________ development in adolescence.

A. Physical
B. Cognitive
C. Emotional
D. Language

A

Emotional

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44
Q

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to:

A. Suppress emotions
B. Recognize and manage one’s own and others’ emotions
C. Ignore social cues
D. Develop physical strength

A

Recognize and manage one’s own and others’ emotions

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45
Q

Peer relationships during adolescence become more:

A. Less important
B. Central to social development
C. Superficial
D. Nonexistent

A

Central to social development

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46
Q

Adolescents often form ________ as part of their social development.

A. Isolated groups
B. Close friendships and peer groups
C. Distant relationships
D. Limited social connections

A

Close friendships and peer groups

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47
Q

Developing a sense of ________ is a major social task in adolescence.

A. Inferiority
B. Identity and belonging
C. Isolation
D. Dependence on parents

A

Identity and belonging

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48
Q

Adolescents’ social development includes learning to navigate:

A. Family relationships only
B. Complex social networks and roles
C. Reduced social environments
D. Simple play interactions

A

Complex social networks and roles

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49
Q

Positive social development in adolescence is linked to:

A. Poor emotional health
B. Strong interpersonal skills and self-esteem
C. Isolation and loneliness
D. Decreased intellectual development

A

Strong interpersonal skills and self-esteem

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50
Q

Adolescents develop the ability to think ________, which is a significant intellectual milestone.

A. Concretely
B. Abstractly
C. Randomly
D. Only practically

A

Abstractly

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51
Q

Identity crisis during adolescence is primarily associated with which psychologist’s theory?

A. Jean Piaget
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Erik Erikson
D. Sigmund Freud

A

Erik Erikson

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52
Q

Which of the following is a common challenge faced by adolescents experiencing an identity crisis?

A. Stable relationships
B. Clear career goals
C. Confusion about their role in society
D. Decreased need for peer approval

A

Confusion about their role in society

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53
Q

Underachievement in adolescents can often be attributed to:

A. High levels of motivation
B. Inadequate intellectual capabilities
C. Lack of interest in school and external distractions
D. Overconfidence in their abilities

A

Lack of interest in school and external distractions

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54
Q

Which of the following is a potential consequence of peer pressure in adolescents?

A. Enhanced academic performance
B. Increased likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors
C. Improved self-esteem
D. Reduced social interactions

A

Increased likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors

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55
Q

Substance abuse among adolescents is often influenced by:

A. Genetic predisposition
B. Lack of access to substances
C. Strong parental supervision
D. Positive role models

A

Genetic predisposition

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56
Q

Adolescent delinquency is typically characterized by:

A. High academic achievement
B. Law-breaking and antisocial behavior
C. Stable family relationships
D. Positive peer influences

A

Law-breaking and antisocial behavior

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57
Q

Which of the following health problems is commonly associated with adolescence?

A. Arthritis
B. Hypertension
C. Eating disorders
D. Osteoporosis

A

Eating disorders

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58
Q

Adjustment mechanisms in adolescence often involve:

A. Ignoring problems
B. Developing coping strategies to deal with stress
C. Complete emotional stability
D. Constant parental intervention

A

Developing coping strategies to deal with stress

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59
Q

A common challenge for adolescents is:

A. Minimal peer interaction
B. Navigating the transition from childhood to adulthood
C. Lack of physical growth
D. Decreased cognitive abilities

A

Navigating the transition from childhood to adulthood

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60
Q

One remedy for addressing substance abuse in adolescents is:

A. Ignoring the problem
B. Encouraging open communication and providing support
C. Allowing unlimited freedom
D. Enforcing strict and punitive measures only

A

Encouraging open communication and providing support

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61
Q

The main cause of an identity crisis during adolescence is:

A. Complete understanding of self
B. Confusion about personal values and goals
C. Stable and supportive relationships
D. Lack of physical changes

A

Confusion about personal values and goals

62
Q

Adolescents experiencing an identity crisis may exhibit:

A. High self-confidence
B. Consistent behavior patterns
C. Confusion and uncertainty about their future
D. Strong decision-making skills

A

Confusion and uncertainty about their future

63
Q

A remedy for helping adolescents through an identity crisis is:

A. Isolation from peers
B. Providing a supportive and understanding environment
C. Encouraging rigid conformity
D. Ignoring their concerns

A

Providing a supportive and understanding environment

64
Q

A common sign of underachievement in adolescents is:

A. Consistently high grades
B. Lack of interest and motivation in school
C. Over participation in extracurricular activities
D. Excessive studying

A

Lack of interest and motivation in school

65
Q

One effective strategy to address underachievement is:

A. Increasing academic pressure
B. Ignoring their academic performance
C. Identifying and addressing underlying causes such as learning disabilities
D. Limiting extracurricular activities

A

Identifying and addressing underlying causes such as learning disabilities

66
Q

Peer pressure can lead adolescents to:

A. Develop independent thinking
B. Engage in behaviors they might not otherwise consider
C. Avoid risky behaviors
D. Improve academic performance

A

Engage in behaviors they might not otherwise consider

67
Q

One way to help adolescents cope with peer pressure is:

A. Encouraging conformity to peer expectations
B. Strengthening their self-esteem and decision-making skills
C. Isolating them from peers
D. Ignoring their social interactions

A

Strengthening their self-esteem and decision-making skills

68
Q

Substance abuse in adolescents can result in:

A. Improved cognitive function
B. Long-term health issues and addiction
C. Enhanced social skills
D. Increased academic success

A

Long-term health issues and addiction

69
Q

Preventive measures for substance abuse include:

A. Providing education about the risks of substance use
B. Restricting all social activities
C. Avoiding discussions about drugs and alcohol
D. Encouraging experimentation

A

Providing education about the risks of substance use

70
Q

Adolescent delinquency can be reduced by:

A. Ignoring their behavior
B. Providing structured and supervised activities
C. Encouraging antisocial behavior
D. Limiting positive reinforcement

A

Providing structured and supervised activities

71
Q

A common factor contributing to delinquency in adolescents is:

A. Strong parental involvement
B. Lack of supervision and guidance
C. Positive peer influences
D. Stable home environment

A

Lack of supervision and guidance

72
Q

Which health issue is commonly faced by adolescents?

A. Diabetes
B. Anorexia and bulimia
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Hypertension

A

Anorexia and bulimia

73
Q

A proactive approach to adolescent health problems involves:

A. Ignoring symptoms
B. Encouraging healthy lifestyle choices and regular check-ups
C. Reducing physical activities
D. Limiting nutritional information

A

Encouraging healthy lifestyle choices and regular check-ups

74
Q

One effective adjustment mechanism for adolescents is:

A. Suppressing emotions
B. Seeking support from trusted adults and peers
C. Avoiding all challenges
D. Denying problems

A

Seeking support from trusted adults and peers

75
Q

Coping strategies for stress in adolescence include:

A. Ignoring stressors
B. Developing healthy habits such as exercise and mindfulness
C. Relying solely on peer advice
D. Avoiding all social interactions

A

Developing healthy habits such as exercise and mindfulness

76
Q

A significant challenge for adolescents is:

A. Lack of physical changes
B. Managing increased academic and social pressures
C. Stable emotional state
D. Decreased need for parental guidance

A

Managing increased academic and social pressures

77
Q

To address the challenges faced by adolescents, educators and parents should:

A. Ignore their concerns
B. Provide guidance, support, and open communication
C. Enforce strict and punitive measures only
D. Limit their freedom completely

A

Provide guidance, support, and open communication

78
Q

An effective remedy for underachievement is:

A. Increasing academic workload without support
B. Identifying individual learning needs and providing tailored support
C. Ignoring academic performance
D. Decreasing expectations

A

Identifying individual learning needs and providing tailored support

79
Q

Addressing peer pressure effectively involves:

A. Encouraging total isolation
B. Teaching adolescents to make independent, informed decisions
C. Ignoring peer influences
D. Accepting all peer behaviors

A

Teaching adolescents to make independent, informed decisions

80
Q

One challenge related to adolescent health is:

A. Decreased susceptibility to eating disorders
B. Increased risk of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety
C. Reduced physical growth
D. Stable hormonal levels

A

Increased risk of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety

81
Q

An effective strategy to reduce adolescent delinquency is:

A. Providing unstructured free time
B. Offering positive role models and structured activities
C. Ignoring behavioral issues
D. Encouraging antisocial behavior

A

Offering positive role models and structured activities

82
Q

Which of the following is a common consequence of adolescent substance abuse?

A. Improved academic performance
B. Long-term health and social problems
C. Enhanced social relationships
D. Increased self-esteem

A

Long-term health and social problems

83
Q

Adolescents struggling with an identity crisis may benefit from:

A. Isolation from peers
B. Guidance and support from trusted adults
C. Ignoring their concerns
D. Strict conformity to others’ expectations

A

Guidance and support from trusted adults

84
Q

To help adolescents cope with stress, it is important to:

A. Ignore stressors
B. Teach healthy coping mechanisms such as exercise and relaxation techniques
C. Encourage avoidance of all challenges
D. Increase academic pressure without support

A

Teach healthy coping mechanisms such as exercise and relaxation techniques

85
Q

One approach to address adolescent health problems is:

A. Ignoring symptoms and changes
B. Promoting healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical check-ups
C. Restricting all physical activities
D. Limiting nutritional education

A

Promoting healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical check-ups

86
Q

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to peer pressure because:

A. They have a fully developed sense of self
B. They are striving for independence and social acceptance
C. They have no interest in peer approval
D. They lack any social interactions

A

They are striving for independence and social acceptance

87
Q

A significant cause of substance abuse among adolescents is:

A. Lack of availability of substances
B. Curiosity and peer influence
C. Strong family bonds
D. High academic performance

A

Curiosity and peer influence

88
Q

Which factor can help mitigate the effects of an identity crisis in adolescents?

A. Stable support systems from family and friends
B. Isolation from all social interactions
C. Ignoring their emotional needs
D. Enforcing rigid rules without explanation

A

Stable support systems from family and friends

89
Q

Delinquent behavior in adolescents can often be reduced by:

A. Ignoring the behavior
B. Providing clear boundaries and positive reinforcement
C. Encouraging antisocial activities
D. Allowing unrestricted freedom

A

Providing clear boundaries and positive reinforcement

90
Q

Which of the following is a strategy to address underachievement in adolescents?

A. Increasing pressure without support
B. Providing individualized learning plans and support
C. Ignoring academic difficulties
D. Reducing academic expectations completely

A

Providing individualized learning plans and support

91
Q

Peer pressure during adolescence is often:

A. A minor influence
B. A significant factor in decision-making
C. Nonexistent
D. Easily ignored

A

A significant factor in decision-making

92
Q

Substance abuse can lead to which of the following outcomes in adolescents?

A. Enhanced cognitive abilities
B. Health complications and addiction
C. Improved social status
D. Increased academic achievements

A

Health complications and addiction

93
Q

An effective way to support adolescents facing an identity crisis is:

A. Ignoring their emotional struggles
B. Providing a supportive environment and open communication
C. Forcing them to conform to others’ expectations
D. Limiting their social interactions

A

Providing a supportive environment and open communication

94
Q

A common health issue during adolescence is:

A. Cognitive decline
B. Eating disorders and mental health problems
C. Decreased hormonal changes
D. Reduced physical growth

A

Eating disorders and mental health problems

95
Q

Adjustment mechanisms during adolescence may include:

A. Ignoring stressors
B. Developing healthy coping strategies
C. Avoiding all challenges
D. Increasing academic pressure without support

A

Developing healthy coping strategies

96
Q

An approach to reduce substance abuse among adolescents is:

A. Providing education on the risks and consequences
B. Allowing unrestricted access to substances
C. Encouraging experimentation
D. Ignoring the issue

A

Providing education on the risks and consequences

97
Q

Adolescents struggling with delinquency can benefit from:

A. Lack of supervision
B. Structured activities and positive role models
C. Encouraging antisocial behavior
D. Ignoring their behavior

A

Structured activities and positive role models

98
Q

A significant factor in underachievement is:

A. High levels of interest in school
B. Lack of motivation and external distractions
C. Stable family support
D. Positive peer influences

A

Lack of motivation and external distractions

99
Q

Peer pressure during adolescence can lead to:

A. Improved decision-making skills
B. Increased engagement in risky behaviors
C. Decreased social interactions
D. Reduced need for peer approval

A

Increased engagement in risky behaviors

100
Q

Which strategy can help adolescents cope with peer pressure?

A. Encouraging isolation from peers
B. Teaching them to make independent decisions
C. Enforcing conformity to peer expectations
D. Ignoring their social experiences

A

Teaching them to make independent decisions

101
Q

According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during adolescence is called:

A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
D. Formal operational stage

A

Formal operational stage

102
Q

Which of the following is a key concept in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

A. Unconscious motives
B. Moral reasoning
C. Schema
D. Social learning

A

Schema

103
Q

Jerome Bruner’s theory emphasizes the importance of:

A. Fixed stages of development
B. Discovery learning and scaffolding
C. Genetic inheritance
D. Moral development

A

Discovery learning and scaffolding

104
Q

According to Freud, adolescence is characterized by which stage of psychosexual development?

A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Genital

A

Genital

105
Q

Erikson’s stage of development during adolescence is known as:

A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

106
Q

In Kohlberg’s theory, adolescents are typically in which stage of moral development?

A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional
D. Unconventional

A

Conventional

107
Q

According to Piaget, the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically emerges during the:

A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
D. Formal operational stage

A

Formal operational stage

108
Q

Bruner’s concept of scaffolding refers to:

A. Providing external rewards for learning
B. Simplifying tasks to match the learner’s current abilities
C. Removing support gradually as the learner becomes more competent
D. Structuring the environment for optimal learning

A

Removing support gradually as the learner becomes more competent

109
Q

Freud believed that adolescence involves:

A. The resolution of earlier conflicts
B. A focus on sexual identity
C. Regression to earlier stages
D. The development of self-efficacy

A

A focus on sexual identity

110
Q

Erikson’s theory suggests that the primary challenge of adolescence is:

A. Developing trust
B. Achieving a sense of identity
C. Building autonomy
D. Mastering skills

A

Achieving a sense of identity

111
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the formal operational stage allows adolescents to:

A. Engage in logical reasoning about concrete events
B. Use symbols and language more effectively
C. Think abstractly and reason hypothetically
D. Develop sensory and motor skills

A

Think abstractly and reason hypothetically

112
Q

Classroom implications of Piaget’s formal operational stage include:

A. Focusing on concrete experiences
B. Encouraging abstract and hypothetical thinking
C. Avoiding complex problem-solving tasks
D. Emphasizing rote memorization

A

Encouraging abstract and hypothetical thinking

113
Q

During adolescence, Piaget believed students should engage in:

A. Role-playing games
B. Hands-on learning
C. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning tasks
D. Sensory activities

A

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning tasks

114
Q

Bruner’s theory suggests that instruction should be:

A. Linear and fixed
B. Adaptive and spiral
C. Rigid and structured
D. Unstructured and random

A

Adaptive and spiral

115
Q

In Bruner’s theory, the role of the teacher is to:

A. Provide answers directly
B. Serve as a facilitator and guide
C. Limit the use of technology
D. Focus on rote memorization

A

Serve as a facilitator and guide

116
Q

An implication of Bruner’s theory for adolescent classrooms is:

A. Using scaffolding to support student learning
B. Avoiding difficult subjects
C. Focusing only on basic skills
D. Ignoring students’ prior knowledge

A

Using scaffolding to support student learning

117
Q

According to Freud, unresolved conflicts during adolescence can lead to:

A. Fixation at an earlier stage
B. Successful identity formation
C. Enhanced cognitive skills
D. Increased academic performance

A

Fixation at an earlier stage

118
Q

Freud’s theory implies that adolescence is a time of:

A. Cognitive development
B. Sexual maturation and identity formation
C. Moral reasoning
D. Social learning

A

Sexual maturation and identity formation

119
Q

Erikson’s stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion focuses on:

A. Developing trust in caregivers
B. Building autonomy and independence
C. Forming a coherent sense of self
D. Mastering academic skills

A

Forming a coherent sense of self

120
Q

An adolescent who successfully navigates Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage will:

A. Develop a strong sense of identity
B. Experience trust issues
C. Struggle with independence
D. Have low self-esteem

A

Develop a strong sense of identity

121
Q

In the classroom, Erikson’s theory suggests teachers should:

A. Discourage independent thinking
B. Support students’ exploration of different identities
C. Avoid discussions about future careers
D. Limit students’ social interactions

A

Support students’ exploration of different identities

122
Q

According to Kohlberg, adolescents in the conventional stage make moral decisions based on:

A. Avoiding punishment
B. Social rules and the approval of others
C. Personal principles
D. Immediate gratification

A

Social rules and the approval of others

123
Q

Kohlberg’s theory implies that classroom discussions about moral dilemmas can:

A. Hinder moral development
B. Promote advanced moral reasoning
C. Be irrelevant to students
D. Confuse students about right and wrong

A

Promote advanced moral reasoning

124
Q

An implication of Kohlberg’s theory for teachers is to:

A. Avoid discussing moral issues
B. Encourage students to think about ethical principles
C. Focus solely on academic content
D. Ignore students’ moral development

A

Encourage students to think about ethical principles

125
Q

To support Piaget’s formal operational stage, teachers should:

A. Use concrete materials and examples
B. Present abstract problems and encourage scientific reasoning
C. Focus on rote memorization
D. Limit discussions to simple concepts

A

Present abstract problems and encourage scientific reasoning

126
Q

Bruner’s emphasis on discovery learning means that teachers should:

A. Give direct answers to all questions
B. Allow students to explore and find solutions independently
C. Avoid hands-on activities
D. Follow a strict and linear curriculum

A

Allow students to explore and find solutions independently

127
Q

In Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, teachers can help by:

A. Discouraging personal expression
B. Providing opportunities for self-exploration and decision-making
C. Limiting social interactions
D. Ignoring students’ interests and hobbies

A

Providing opportunities for self-exploration and decision-making

128
Q

Kohlberg’s theory suggests that teachers should:

A. Avoid complex moral issues
B. Facilitate discussions on ethical dilemmas
C. Focus only on academic skills
D. Punish students for wrong answers

A

Facilitate discussions on ethical dilemmas

129
Q

According to Piaget, an example of formal operational thinking is:

A. Sorting objects by color
B. Solving algebraic equations
C. Learning to walk
D. Using language to represent objects

A

Solving algebraic equations

130
Q

Bruner’s spiral curriculum implies that:

A. Topics are covered once and then forgotten
B. Subjects are revisited and expanded upon over time
C. Learning is linear and cumulative
D. Complex topics are avoided

A

Subjects are revisited and expanded upon over time

131
Q

Freud’s theory suggests that teachers should be aware of:

A. The importance of abstract reasoning
B. Students’ unconscious motives and conflicts
C. The development of logical thinking
D. Social learning processes

A

Students’ unconscious motives and conflicts

132
Q

Erikson believed that role confusion in adolescence can lead to:

A. Strong identity formation
B. Difficulty making decisions about the future
C. Improved academic performance
D. Enhanced social skills

A

Difficulty making decisions about the future

133
Q

In Kohlberg’s postconventional stage, individuals make decisions based on:

A. Avoiding punishment
B. Upholding social order
C. Universal ethical principles
D. Seeking personal rewards

A

Universal ethical principles

134
Q

Piaget’s theory suggests that adolescents are capable of:

A. Concrete operational thought
B. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C. Simple associative learning
D. Sensorimotor exploration

A

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

135
Q

Bruner’s emphasis on scaffolding requires teachers to:

A. Provide minimal support
B. Adjust support based on student needs and gradually withdraw it
C. Give direct answers without guidance
D. Avoid challenging tasks

A

Adjust support based on student needs and gradually withdraw it

136
Q

According to Freud, the genital stage focuses on:

A. Sensory and motor skills
B. Language development
C. Mature sexual identity
D. Moral reasoning

A

Mature sexual identity

137
Q

Erikson’s concept of identity vs. role confusion is most relevant to:

A. Early childhood
B. Adolescence
C. Middle adulthood
D. Late adulthood

A

Adolescence

138
Q

Kohlberg’s conventional stage includes moral reasoning based on:

A. Personal ethical principles
B. Social approval and maintaining social order
C. Immediate rewards and punishments
D. Innate instincts

A

Social approval and maintaining social order

139
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the key milestone of the formal operational stage is the ability to:

A. Perform conservation tasks
B. Engage in abstract and logical thinking
C. Understand object permanence
D. Use symbolic representation

A

Engage in abstract and logical thinking

140
Q

Bruner’s theory suggests that effective teaching should:

A. Be purely lecture-based
B. Engage students in active problem-solving
C. Ignore students’ prior knowledge
D. Avoid complex ideas

A

Engage students in active problem-solving

141
Q

Freud’s theory implies that unresolved conflicts from adolescence can:

A. Be easily forgotten
B. Affect adult personality and behavior
C. Lead to higher cognitive skills
D. Enhance social interactions

A

Affect adult personality and behavior

142
Q

Erikson’s theory suggests that teachers should help adolescents:

A. Avoid making decisions
B. Explore various roles and identities
C. Focus only on academic achievement
D. Conform to societal norms without question

A

Explore various roles and identities

143
Q

In Kohlberg’s theory, adolescents in the postconventional stage:

A. Seek immediate rewards
B. Follow universal ethical principles
C. Conform to social norms
D. Avoid punishment

A

Follow universal ethical principles

144
Q

Piaget’s formal operational stage is characterized by:

A. Logical thinking limited to concrete objects
B. Abstract, logical, and systematic thinking
C. Egocentric thinking
D. Lack of symbolic thought

A

Abstract, logical, and systematic thinking

145
Q

Bruner’s idea of the spiral curriculum involves:

A. Repetition without progression
B. Revisiting topics with increasing complexity
C. Linear and fixed instruction
D. Isolated skill practice

A

Revisiting topics with increasing complexity

146
Q

Freud’s theory of adolescence emphasizes:

A. Cognitive development
B. Sexual maturation and identity formation
C. Moral reasoning
D. Social learning

A

Sexual maturation and identity formation

147
Q

Erikson’s stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion deals primarily with:

A. Forming intimate relationships
B. Developing a sense of self and personal identity
C. Achieving independence
D. Acquiring academic skills

A

Developing a sense of self and personal identity

148
Q

In Kohlberg’s theory, moral reasoning at the conventional level is based on:

A. Avoidance of punishment
B. Social approval and maintaining law and order
C. Personal ethical principles
D. Immediate gratification

A

Social approval and maintaining law and order

149
Q

Piaget’s concept of hypothetico-deductive reasoning refers to:

A. Reasoning based on concrete experiences
B. The ability to think scientifically and systematically
C. Learning through imitation
D. Social interactions influencing thought processes

A

The ability to think scientifically and systematically

150
Q

Bruner’s scaffolding concept is best applied when teachers:

A. Give students the answers immediately
B. Support students and gradually reduce help as they become more competent
C. Avoid difficult topics
D. Focus solely on rote learning

A

Support students and gradually reduce help

PSYCHOLOGY Category III-Paper III (For classes VIII to X) (12 decks)

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