Kejang demam Flashcards

1
Q

Definisi kejang demam

A

Kejang disertai demam (suhu rektal >38) yg disebabkan proses ekstrakranial

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2
Q

Kejang demam terjadi pada usia…

A

6 bulan - 5 thn

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3
Q

Kriteria KDS

A
  • durasi <15 menit
  • kejang umum tonik/klonik, bukan fokal
  • tidak berulang dlm 24 jam
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4
Q

Kriteria KDK

A
  • durasi >15 menit
  • kejang fokal atau kejang umum diawali fokal
  • berulang >1x dlm 24 jam
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5
Q

Px lab untuk kejang demam?

A

tidak rutin dilakukan
- DR, elektrolit, GDS

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6
Q

Tujuan pemeriksaan pungsi lumbal

A

menyingkirkan meningitis

risiko meningitis bakterial 0,6-6,7%

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7
Q

pungsi lumbal dianjurkan pada…

A
  • usia <12 bulan: sangat dianjurkan
  • 12-18 bulan: dianjurkan
  • > 18 bulan: tidak rutin
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8
Q

Apakah peru EEG rutin?

A

tidak

  • tdk bisa memprediksi berulangnya kejang
  • tdk bisa memprediksi epilepsi
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9
Q

Kapan dipertimbangkan EEG?

A

jika kejang demam tidak khas
- KDK usia >6 tahun
- kejang demam fokal

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10
Q

Indikasi radiologis (xray, CT, MRI)

A
  • kelainan neurologis fokal menetap (hemiparese)
  • parese NC VI
  • papiledema
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11
Q

Faktor risiko berulangnya kejang demam

A
  • RPK kejang demam
  • usia <12 bulan
  • suhu rendah saat kejang
  • cepatnya kejang setelah demam
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12
Q

Faktor risiko menjadi epilepsi

A
  • kelainan neurologis/perkembangan yg jelas sebelum kejang demam pertama
  • KDK
  • riw epilepsi pada ortu atau saudara kandung
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13
Q

Kemungkinan menjadi epilepsi tidak dapat dicegah dgn pemberian obat rumatan pada kejang demam

A

Benar

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14
Q

Indikasi pemberian obat rumatan

A
  • kejang lama >15 menit
  • kelainan neurologis yg nyata sebelum/sesudah kejang (hemiparese, paresis Todd, CP, retard mental, hidrosefalus)
  • kejang fokal
  • kejang berulang >1x dlm 24 jam
  • kejang demam pada usia <12 bulan
  • kejang demam >=4x per tahun
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15
Q

Obat pilihan utk obat rumatan

A
  • Asam valproat 15-40 mg/kg/hari dlm 2-3 dosis (drug pf choice)
  • Fenobarbital 3-4 mg/kg/hari dlm 1-2 dosis
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16
Q

Berapa lama obat rumatan?

A

1 tahun bebas kejang, turun bertahap selama 1-2 bulan