Joinder Flashcards

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1
Q

What does joinder do?

A

Joins multiple claims into one case (all must have SMJ)

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2
Q

Proper defendants and plaintiffs joinder rule

A

The claims by multiple plaintiffs or against multiple defendants must :
1. arise from the same transaction or occurrence and
2. raise at least one common question of law or fact

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3
Q

Why would a court force a nonparty into a case?

A

Absentee is necessary or required which means that without the absentee the court cannot accord complete relief among the existing parties or absentee’s interest may be harmed if not joined or absentee claims an interest that subjects a party (usually D) to a risk of multiple obligations

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4
Q

Are joint tortfeasors considered necessary?

A

No

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5
Q

When is joining an absentee feasible?

A

there is PJ over absentee and SMJ over claim by or against absentee

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6
Q

What happens when the absentee cannot be joined?

A

Court determines whether to proceed without absentee or dismiss entire case

Factors:
1. alternative forum available?
2. Likelihood of harm to absentee?
3. court can shape relief to avoid that harm to absentee?

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7
Q

What is a counterclaim?

A

A claim against an opposing party

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8
Q

When must plaintiff respond to a counterclaim from defendant?

A

Within 21 days of service of the counterclaim

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9
Q

What is a compulsory counterclaim?

A

One that arises from the same transaction or occurrence as the plaintiff’s claim. Defendant must file the compulsory counterclaim in the pending case or the claim is waived

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10
Q

What is a permissive counterclaim?

A

One that does not arise from the same transaction or occurrence as the plaintiff’s claim. May sue in a separate case

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11
Q

Do counterclaims need smj?

A

yes

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12
Q

What is a crossclaim?

A

A claim against a coparty that arises form the same transaction or occurrence as the underlying action.

It can be asserted in another case

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13
Q

What is an impleader claim?

A

One where a defending party is bringing in a new party

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14
Q

What is the impleader claim used for (defendant)?

A

used to shift to the third party defendant the liability that the defendant will owe to the plaintiff. Looking to have TPD to pay all or part of his own liability

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15
Q

What is indemnity?

A

shift liability completely to TPD

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16
Q

What is contribution?

A

shifts liability pro rata

17
Q

Is an impleader claim permissive?

A

Yes, dont have to bring it in the current case

18
Q

What is the process for impleading a TPD into a case?

A
  1. D files a third party complaint naming TPD
  2. have complaint formally served on TPD

within 14 days of serving the answer or else court permission needed

19
Q

What does plaintiff do after TPD is joined?

A

plaintiff may assert claims against the TPD and the TPD may assert claims against the plaintiff that arise out of the same transaction or occurrence as the underlying case

20
Q

When is intervention used?

A

A nonparty absentee uses intervention to bring herself into the case

21
Q

When does interpleader apply?

A

When separate actions might result in a double liability against a stakeholder. Interpleader suits permit a person to require two or more adverse claimants to the state to litigate among themselves to determine which, if any, has the valid claim to it (Rule 22 and Section 1335)

Not common exam topic

22
Q

Class action requirements:

A
  1. too many class members for practicable joinder
  2. some common issue
  3. reps claims are typical of claims of the class
  4. rep fairly and adequately represent the class
23
Q

Types of class actions

A
  1. prejudice - necessary to avoid harm
  2. injunctive or declaratory relief - treated class members alike
  3. common question or damages - mass torts
24
Q

What must the court do to certify a class action?

A
  1. define the class and claims, issues, or defenses and
  2. appoint class counsel who must fairly and adequately represent the interest of the class
25
Q

What are the requirements for Type 3 notice to class?

A
  1. paid for by the rep
  2. can opt out
  3. will be bound by the judgment if dont opt out and
  4. can enter separate appearance through counsel
26
Q

Diversity in class actions

A

as long as the class rep’s claim meets diversity requirements, the class action may use diversity

27
Q

What is needed for the Class action fairness act to grant SMJ separate from diversity?

A
  1. at least 100 members
  2. minimal diversity of citizenship
  3. aggregated claims of class exceed 5 million