Issues In Diag/class (a03)

Question 1

Limitation of schiz diag co-morbidity

Answer 1

-if conditions occur together a lot of the time then validity of diagnosis + class can be questioned as they might be a single condition.
-one review by Buckley et al found d that about half of those diagnosed this schiz also had diagnosis for depression (50%) + substance abuse (47%)
-this is a problem for classification as it means schizophrenia may not exits as a distinct condition + is a problem for diagnosis
-as some people diagnosed with schiz may have unusual cases of conditions such as depression

Question 2

Limitation of schiz gender bias

Answer 2

-existence of gender bias
-longnecker et al reviewed studies of prevalence of schiz and concluded since 1980s men have been diagnosed with schiz more commonly than women
-may be due to idea that women r less vulnerable than men due to genetic factors. However seem that women are under diagnosed cause have closer relationships and support so function better than men
This under diagnosis means women may nit be receiving treatment + services that may beneift them

Question 3

Limitation of schiz diag culture bias

Answer 3

-existence of cultural bias
-some symptoms of schiz such as hallucinations (hearing voices) have different meanings in different cultures e.g in hati people believe its communication from ancestors
-Cochrane et al found people of Afro-Caribbean origin r seven more times likely to be diagnosed with schiz when living in Britain suggesting these people have more factors leading to schiz
-appears to lead to an overinterpretation of symptoms in black British people
-may be discriminated against by a culturally biased diagnostic system

Question 4

Limitation schiz diagnosis - symptom overlap

Answer 4

-symptoms overlap with other conditions
-e.g schiz + bipolar disorder involve positive symptoms (delusions) + negative symptoms (avolition)
-in terms of classification this suggest that schiz + bipolar disorder may not be 2 diff conditions but variations of single condition
In terms of diagnosis it means that schiz is hard to distinguish from bipolar disorder so hard r diagnose
Classification and diagnosis r flawed

Question 5

Lim of diag of Schiz is validity

Answer 5

Criterion validly
-cheinaux et al had two psychiatrists independently asses the same 100 clients using icd-10 + dsm-5 criteria and found that 68 were diagnosed with schiz under icd system and 39 under dsm
Suggest schiz is either over/under diagnosed and criterion validity is low

Question 6

Strength of diag schiz - reliability

Answer 6

Reliability = consistency
-osario et al reported excellent reliability for the diagnosis of schiz in 180 individuals using dsm 5
Pairs of interviewers caused an inter rater reliability of +97 and test retest of +92
We can be reasonably sure that the diagnosis of schiz is consistently applied

Question 7

Counter of validity point

Answer 7

Osario et al study reported there was excellet agreement between clinicans when used dsm system
Means criteria in validity for diagnosing schiz is good when takes lace within a single diagnostic system.