Introduction To Reproduction

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Reproducing with only 1 parent

Offspring have same genotype & phenotype as parent cell

Question 2

What does genetic fitness rely on?

Answer 2

• Surviving
• Reproducing

Question 3

What are hermaphrodites?

Answer 3

Both male & female

Question 4

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 4

When females lay eggs that develop into offspring without male fertilisation

Question 5

Give 3 examples of organisms that experience parthenogenesis

Answer 5

• Insects
• Fish
• Reptiles

Question 6

What are 2 advantages of parthenogenesis?

Answer 6

• Increases population rapidly
• Less energy needed to search for mate

Question 7

What is a disadvantage of parthenogenesis?

Answer 7

• No genetic variation

Question 8

What are the 3 mating systems in mammals?

Answer 8

• Monogamy (1 male & 1 female)
• Polygamy (many mates)
• Promiscuity (free for all)

Question 9

What are the male chromosomes?

Answer 9

XY

Question 10

What is the female chromosome?

Answer 10

XX

Question 11

What is mullers ratchet?

Answer 11

Irreversible accumulation of mutations in an asexual population

Question 12

What is the red queen hypothesis?

Answer 12

Must constantly evolve to survive + reproduce whilst competing opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment

Question 13

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

• Genetic diversity
• Removes harmful genes from population
• Masks bad genes

Question 14

What is external fertilisation?

Answer 14

Egg + sperm released into water by both sexes at same time & place (broadcast spawning)

Question 15

What are endothermic homeotherms?

Answer 15

Able to regulate own body temperature

Question 16

How is body temperature maintained when developing an embryo?

Answer 16

• Develop in eggs incubated by parent
• Develop next to or inside parent

Question 17

What does precocial mean?

Answer 17

Born at an advanced stage of development

Question 18

What does altricial mean?

Answer 18

Larger litters but poorly developed & require extra parental investment after birth

Question 19

Is the gestation period in precocial species longer or shorter than in altricial species?

Answer 19

Longer

Question 20

What is anisogamy?

Answer 20

2 gametes of different sizes

Question 21

What is isogamy?

Answer 21

1 gametes of same size

Question 22

Give one reason suggested for the evolution of anisogamy

Answer 22

If 1 gamete is relatively immobile and the other mobile, the chances of them interacting are increased, i.e. increased encounter rate