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Mammalian Reproduction > Introduction To Reproduction > Flashcards

Introduction To Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Reproducing with only 1 parent

Offspring have same genotype & phenotype as parent cell

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2
Q

What does genetic fitness rely on?

A
  • Surviving
  • Reproducing
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3
Q

What are hermaphrodites?

A

Both male & female

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4
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

When females lay eggs that develop into offspring without male fertilisation

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of organisms that experience parthenogenesis

A
  • Insects
  • Fish
  • Reptiles
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6
Q

What are 2 advantages of parthenogenesis?

A
  • Increases population rapidly
  • Less energy needed to search for mate
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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of parthenogenesis?

A
  • No genetic variation
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8
Q

What are the 3 mating systems in mammals?

A
  • Monogamy (1 male & 1 female)
  • Polygamy (many mates)
  • Promiscuity (free for all)
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9
Q

What are the male chromosomes?

A

XY

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10
Q

What is the female chromosome?

A

XX

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11
Q

What is mullers ratchet?

A

Irreversible accumulation of mutations in an asexual population

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12
Q

What is the red queen hypothesis?

A

Must constantly evolve to survive + reproduce whilst competing opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment

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13
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  • Genetic diversity
  • Removes harmful genes from population
  • Masks bad genes
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14
Q

What is external fertilisation?

A

Egg + sperm released into water by both sexes at same time & place (broadcast spawning)

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15
Q

What are endothermic homeotherms?

A

Able to regulate own body temperature

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16
Q

How is body temperature maintained when developing an embryo?

A
  • Develop in eggs incubated by parent
  • Develop next to or inside parent
17
Q

What does precocial mean?

A

Born at an advanced stage of development

18
Q

What does altricial mean?

A

Larger litters but poorly developed & require extra parental investment after birth

19
Q

Is the gestation period in precocial species longer or shorter than in altricial species?

A

Longer

20
Q

What is anisogamy?

A

2 gametes of different sizes

21
Q

What is isogamy?

A

1 gametes of same size

22
Q

Give one reason suggested for the evolution of anisogamy

A

If 1 gamete is relatively immobile and the other mobile, the chances of them interacting are increased, i.e. increased encounter rate

Mammalian Reproduction (16 decks)

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