Introduction To Heart Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
What is the heart located within?
Middle mediastinum within pericardial sac
What runs over the heart and supplies the pericardium and diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves
Parts of pericardial sac
Outer fibrous layer
Inner serous layers - parietal and visceral pericardium
(Visceral is adhered to external surface of heart)
What do you call the area between two layers of serous pericardium?
Pericardial cavity
What happens if fluid accumulates in space surrounding the heart in the pericardium?
- Puts pressure on right atria - cannot fill with blood effectively during diastole
- Heart gets compressed
- TAMPONADE
- Poor blood flow and lack of O2
- Distended veins, tachycardia (to try and maintain BP), low cardiac output (low BP)
What is the anterior and posterior aspect of heart?
Anterior - Right side: right ventricle and atria
Posterior - left side: left atria and ventricle
How does blood enter and leave right side of heart?
Enters: Vena cava - inferior and superior
Leaves: Pulmonary artery (splits into right and left pulmonary artery and goes to the to lungs)
How does blood enter and leave left side of heart?
Enter: pulmonary vein
Leave: aorta
Name the major blood vessels
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
What is the gap behind the major blood vessels (pulmonary trunk and aorta) known as?
What is it’s purpose?
- Transverse pericardial sinus
- Enables surgeon to clamp for cardio pulmonary bypass
What structures does the transverse pericardial sinus separate?
The aorta and pulmonary trunk from the venous inflow to the heart
Where do the coronary arteries arise from?
Left and right aortic sinuses
Left coronary artery and main branches
Left coronary artery:
- Left anterior descending
- Left circumflex (curves around the back)
- Left marginal
What is the left anterior descending artery also known as?
Anterior interventricular branch
Which coronary artery is usually affected in myocardial infarction?
Left anterior descending
Where is right coronary artery?
What are the branches?
- Atrioventricular groove on right side
Branches:
- Right marginal
- Posterior interventricular/posterior descending
