Introduction to anatomy Flashcards
what are the levels of organisation?
atoms
molecules
macromolecules
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms
what are the 4 main types of tissues?
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
what is the function of epitheilial tissue?
lining structures, covers the body and lines cavities, hollow organs and tubes
what is the function of connective tissue?
structural support, protection, transportation and insulation
what is the function of the muscle tissue?
contractile tissue; providing movement of the body and structures within the body
what are the 2 types of cells in the nervous tissue?
both excitable (neurons) and non-excitable cells (that support the neurons)
what is the most abundant tissue?
connective tissue
what are the 11 organ systems?
circulatory
nervous
digestive
lymphatic
respiratory
urinary
reproductive
endocrine
skeletal
muscular
integumentary (skin, hair and nails)
what is the function of the respiratory system?
provides O2 needed for oxidation (energy provision)
what is the function of the gastrointestinal tract?
breaks down nutrients, pass to liver via portal vein
what is the function of the cardiovascular system?
pumps blood around the body (delivers O2/nutrients; removes CO2/waste)
what is the function of the renal system?
controls the content of the extracellular fluid
what are the functions of the endocrine and nervous systems?
co-ordinates organ system activity by hormones or electrical signals
what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?
locomotion, maintenance of posture, breathing, protection
what are the 8 body regions?
- Head/ cranial/ cephalic
- Facial
- Cervical
- Thorax/ thoracic
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
- Lumbar
- Limbs (UEx/ LEx)
are the left/right your left/right or the patients?
the pateints
what does sub- mean?
under, beneath, smaller
what does hypo- mean?
under, beneath
what does infra- mean?
under, within, below
what does super- or supra- mean?
above, on top of
what does epi- mean?
above, upon, on top of
what does fossa- mean?
depression, hollow
what does inter- mean?
between
what does ad- mean?
towards
what does ab- mean?
away from
what does contra- mean?
opposite
what does ipsi- mean?
same
what does bi- mean?
two
what does uni- mean?
one
what are the 4 main organ cavities?
cranial
thoratic
abdominal
pelvic
why are most organs located in cavities?
to protect them
what forms the cranial cavity?
bones of the skull
what does the cranial cavity contain?
the brain