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Human Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define systemic anatomy

A

studying the body by systems

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2
Q

Define regional anatomy

A

study of the body by regions

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3
Q

Define clinical anatomy

A

looks at the importance of structure and function related to the practice of medicine

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4
Q

Define surface anatomy

A

visualization of structures beneath the skin

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5
Q

What are the levels of structural organization?

A

(smallest to largest) Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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6
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of body structures

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7
Q

Define gross anatomy

A

study of the large parts of the body

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8
Q

Define microanatomy

A

study of microscopic structures

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9
Q

Define cytology

A

the study of cells

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10
Q

Define tissues

A

groups of cells that share a common function

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11
Q

Define physiology

A

study of how the body functions

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12
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a relatively steady internal environment

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13
Q

Define organ systems

A

Groups of organs that share a function and work together to maintain the organism

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14
Q

List the organ systems of the human body

A

Respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive (male and female), lymphatic, endocrine, nervous, skeletal, muscular, integumentary, urinary, digestive

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15
Q

Which organs make up the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands

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16
Q

Which organs make up the skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilages, ligaments, bone marrow

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17
Q

Which organs make up the muscular system?

A

Muscles, tendons

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18
Q

Which organs make up the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs

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19
Q

Which organs make up the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads (testes/ovaries), endocrine tissues in other systems

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20
Q

Which organs make up the cardiovascular system?

A

Heard, blood, blood vessels

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21
Q

Which organs make up the lymphatic system?

A

Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

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22
Q

Which organs make up the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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23
Q

Which organs make up the digestive system?

A

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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24
Q

Which organs make up the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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25
Q

Which organs make up the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum

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26
Q

Which organs make up the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands

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27
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

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28
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Delivers air to alveoli, gives oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, provides sounds for communication

29
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves

30
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance, stores urine, regulates pH and blood ion concentration

31
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

A

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones

32
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones, supports developing embryo, provides milk for infant

33
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protection from environment, regulation of body temperature, provides sensory information

34
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Provides support and protection, stores calcium, forms blood cells

35
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Movement, provides protection and support, generates heat

36
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Directs responses to stimuli, coordinates body activities, provides and interprets sensory information

37
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A

Directs long-term changes in other organ systems, adjusts metabolism and energy use, controls developmental changes

38
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standing erect with arms at side and palms facing forward, toes and eyes are also pointing forward

39
Q

When is an individual supine?

A

When laying on their back in the anatomical position

40
Q

When is an individual prone?

A

When lying face down in the anatomical position

41
Q

Superior

A

above

42
Q

Inferior

A

below

43
Q

Anterior

A

front of, forward

44
Q

Posterior

A

back of, behind

45
Q

Dorsal

A

the back

46
Q

Ventral

A

the belly

47
Q

Cephalic

A

head

48
Q

Cranial

A

head

49
Q

Caudal

A

tail

50
Q

Medial

A

closer to the midline; permanently between other structures

51
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the midline; permanently to the side of another structure

52
Q

Midline

A

the vertical middle of the body or any structure in the body

53
Q

Proximal

A

near the point of attachment

54
Q

Distal

A

far from the point of attachment

55
Q

Superficial

A

on or close to the surface

56
Q

Deep

A

far from the surface

57
Q
A

Left hypochondriac region

58
Q
A

left inguinal (iliac) region

59
Q
A

left lumbar region

60
Q
A

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

61
Q
A

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

62
Q
A

right hypochondriac region

63
Q
A

right inguinal (iliac) region

64
Q
A

right lumbar region

65
Q
A

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

66
Q
A

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

67
Q
A

umbilical region

68
Q
A

epigastric region

69
Q
A

hypogastric region

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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