intro to management

Question 1

managers

• are at the top of the hierarchy and are responsible for the entire organization.
• responsible for setting organizational goals, defining strategies for achieving them, monitoring and interpreting the external environment, and making decisions that affect the entire organization.
• responsible for communicating a shared vision for the organization, shaping corporate culture, and nurturing an entrepreneurial spirit that can help the company innovate and keep pace with rapid change.

Answer 1

top-level managers

Question 2

• the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals.
• creating a shared culture and values, communicating goals to employees throughout the organization, and infusing employees with the desire to perform at a high level.

Answer 2

leading

Question 3

managers

• responsible for business units and major departments.
• They are responsible for implementing the overall strategies and policies defined by top managers.
• Generally, are concerned withthe near future rather than with long-range planning.

Answer 3

middle-level managers

Question 4

managers

• directly responsible to produce goods and services.
• They are responsible for groups of non-management employees.
• Their primary concern is the application of rules and procedures to achieve efficient production, provide technical assistance, and motivate subordinates.

Answer 4

low-level managers

Question 5

leadership

Leader confers the decision-making ability to the employees, with the leader still responsible for the decisions made by the employees

Answer 5

delegative

Question 6

leadership

Leader informs employees what is to be done and how it is to be performed

Answer 6

authoritative/autocratic

Question 7

is a management tool whereby managers and employees work together to set and track objectives for a specific time period.

Answer 7

management by objectives (MBO program)

Question 8

involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization.

Answer 8

organizing

Question 9

Psychology theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943 in which all individuals focus on the fundamental needs and once those are fulfilled will progress to higher needs

Answer 9

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 10

• promotes standardization, specialization, assignment based on ability, and extensive training and supervision. Only through those practices can a business achieve efficiency and productivity.
• This management theory attempts to find the optimal way to complete a given task, often at the expense of the employees’ humanity.

Answer 10

scientific management (frederick taylor)

Question 11

means monitoring employees’ activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making corrections, as necessary.

Answer 11

controlling

Question 12

• is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.
• Includes mastery of the methods, techniques, and equipment involved in specific functions such as engineering, manufacturing, or finance.
• includes specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and techniques to solve problems in that specific discipline.

Answer 12

technical skills

Question 13

• Is the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.
• Is demonstrated in the way a manager relates to other people, including the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts.
• Allows subordinates to express themselves without fear of ridicule, encourages participation, and shows appreciation for employees’ efforts.

Answer 13

human skills

Question 14

conceived a leadership theory in the mid-1970s based on situational models; there is no single “best” style of leadership, but is more dependent on the task, knowledge, and group dynamics for each situation

Answer 14

hershey blanchard situational leadership model

Question 15

which he states that employees are more motivated by social factors — like personal attention or being part of a group — than environmental factors, such as money and working conditions.

Answer 15

human relations theory (elton mayo)

Question 16

theory x and y

posits that employees are apathetic or dislike their work. Managers who adhere to This theory are often authoritarian and will micromanage everything because they don’t trust their employees.

Answer 16

theory x

Question 17

who proposes theory X and Y

Answer 17

dougls mcgregor

Question 18

explains the setup, operation, and management of organizations as formal, rational, well-organized, hierarchal systems

Answer 18

bureaucratic theory (weber)

Question 19

based his theories on the idea that effective leadership was directly related to the traits the leader displayed in any given situation. Fiedler’s theory suggests that there is no one management approach that suits every situation and every organization.

Answer 19

contingency management (fred fiedler)

Question 20

Continuum of leadership proposed in 1958 and later updated in 1973 suggests a manager uses a broad range of leadership styles based on the prevailing circumstances in the current environment

Answer 20

tannenbaum Schmidt theory

Question 21

theory x and y

posits that employees are self-motivated, responsible, and want to take ownership of their work. Managers who adhere to This theory include their employees in the decision-making process and encourage creativity at all levels.

Answer 21

theory y

Question 22

plotted leadership behavior on a grid based on concern for people versus concern for production, with a scale of 1 to 9 based on the level of concern. Snapshots of five styles of leadership include impoverished, country club, politician, authoritarian, and team

Answer 22

blake mouton managerial grid

Question 23

bureaucratic theory

organization based on reason and objectivity rather than emotions or arbitriness

Answer 23

rationalization

Question 24

Uses a theory of psychological types to make insights of type theory applicable to individuals and groups. A grid displays the 16 personality types based on your indicators

Answer 24

myers-briggs type indicatory (MBTI)

Question 25

bureaucratic theory

secure and efficient legal, financial etc. transactions

Answer 25

professionalization

Question 26

leader or manager

• implementer
• maintains control
• thinks short term
• asks how and when
• watches bottom line
• accepts status quo
• is a good soldier
• does things right

Answer 26

manager

Question 27

leadership

All three styles are used, depending on the issues involved

Answer 27

combination

Question 28

managers

responsible for departments that perform a single functional task and have employees with similar training and skills.

Answer 28

functional managers

Question 29

leader or manager

• administrator
• organizer & developer
• risk taker
• inspiration
• thinks long term
• asks what and why
• challenges status quo
• does the right thing

Answer 29

leader

Question 30

• means identifying goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.
• In other words, managerial planning defines where the organization wants to be in thefuture and how to get there.

Answer 30

planning

Question 31

leadership

Includes one or more employees in the decision-making process, with the leader maintaining the final decision-making authority

Answer 31

participative/democratic

Question 32

• His principles of administrative management as a top-down approach to examining a business.
• He put himself in his manager’s shoes and imagined what situations they might encounter when dealing with their team.

Answer 32

asministrative management (henri fayol)

Question 33

the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

Answer 33

management

Question 34

• is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts.
• It involves the manager’s thinking, information processing, and planning abilities.
• It involves knowing where one’s department fits into the total organization and how the organization fits into the industry, the community, and the broader business and social environment.

Answer 34

conceptual skills

Question 35

managers

responsible for a temporary work project that involves the participation of people from various functions and levels of the organization, and perhaps from outside the company as well.

Answer 35

project managers

Question 36

managers

• are responsible for several departments that perform different functions.
• responsible for a self-contained division, and for all the functional departments within it.

Answer 36

general managers

Question 37

Theory of motivation in which employees base their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work on hygiene factors and motivator factors

Answer 37

motivator-hygiene theory (frederick herzberg)