Intro To Infectious Disease

Question 1

Commensalism

Answer 1

One organism benefits the other one is neither helpful or harmful

Question 2

Opportunism

Answer 2

Normal conditions the microbe doesn’t cause disease

Under can under conducive conditions

Question 3

Any organism capable of causing infection

Answer 3

Pathogen

Question 4

Opportunistic pathogens _____ cause disease in healthy host

Answer 4

Rarely

Question 5

When will opportunistic pathogen attack

Answer 5

When the host has underlying disorder

Question 6

Ability of the microbe to cause disease or infection

Answer 6

Pathogenicity

Question 7

Process by which microbes infect and cause disease

Answer 7

Pathogenesis

Question 8

First step is

Answer 8

Infection

Question 9

Second step is

Answer 9

Disease occurs as a result of infection
Signs and symptoms appear

Question 10

Exogenous vs endogenous

Answer 10

EXO: food, water, air, fluids, fomites(inanimate objects), animals, insect/vector borne

Question 11

Passed to humans through _____ from _____ such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas

Answer 11

Bites

Vectors

Question 12

Endogenous

Answer 12

Normal microbiota

Question 13

Type of host cell or tissue of preference for microorganisms

Answer 13

Tissue tropism

Question 14

Staph a prefers skin and vibrio prefers small intestine
This is an example of

Answer 14

Tissue tropism

Question 15

Successful occupation of a new habitat

Answer 15

Colonization

Question 16

Entry and spread through cells and/or host tissues

Answer 16

Invasion

Question 17

Extracellular pathogens have to deal with

Answer 17

OUR strong IMMUNE SYSTEM
Easy to get nutrients
Fungi, Protozoa, helminths, ex. Bact.

Question 18

INTRACELLULAR pathogens are good at

Answer 18

Hiding from us
Harder to get nutrition
Viruses and I. Bacteria

Question 19

Damage could be from

Answer 19

Bacterial activity

Host immune system

Question 20

How can host immune response cause damage

Answer 20

Excessive inflammation
Autoimmune
Oncogenesis

Question 21

Does colonization by itself mean infection

Answer 21

Nope

More factors involved

Question 22

Severity of disease or degree of pathogenicity

Answer 22

Virulence

Question 23

Molecules expressed by pathogens that allow them to cause disease

Answer 23

VF

Question 24

Number of invading microbes

Answer 24

Inoculum size

Question 25

Minimum number of microbes necessary to cause disease

Answer 25

Infectious dose

Question 26

Infection with microbes smaller than the infectious dose

Answer 26

Asymptomatic infection

Question 27

Infectious dose vs lethal dose

Answer 27

I = number of organisms that will INFECT 50% of population

L = number of organisms that will KILL 50% of population

Question 28

Organisms with a smaller lethal dose are ___

Answer 28

More likely to be virulent and kill

Question 29

Chronic infection involves

Answer 29

Shedding
And may be less severe

Question 30

Microbiota vs microbiome

Answer 30

Biota = normal flora at different sites

Biome = collection of genes found in all microbes associated with a particular enviornment

Question 31

Vaginal delivery =

Answer 31

Microbiota similar to mom

Question 32

Imbalance in the microbiota that disrupts host microbial homeostasis

Answer 32

Dysbiosis

Question 33

What is necessary for appropriate development of innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 33

Microbiota

Question 34

Pre vs probiotic

Answer 34

Pre = food ingredient that supports growth of microbiota members

Pro = live organisms ingested to provide benefit to hosts