Intro to Immunology

Question 1

What is the origin cell of all immune cells?

Answer 1

Hematopoietic stem cell

Question 2

What are the three lines of defense?

Answer 2

1) skin, mucous membranes, chemicals
2) phagocytosis, compliment, interferons, inflammation, fever
3) lymphocytes, antibodies

Question 3

Which lines of defense are non-specific? Specific?

Answer 3

First and second lines are non-specific, third is specific

Question 4

Describe basophils

Answer 4

stain dark blue
defense against parasites, allergic reactions
contain toxic granules 
phagocytosis 
Express adhesion molecules

Question 5

Describe eosinophils

Answer 5

stain red
defense against parasites, allergic reactions
respond to chemokines
contain toxic granules

Question 6

Describe neutrophils

Answer 6

stain neutral pink
most numerous immune cell
immature= band neutrophil
phagocytosis

Question 7

What is ANC

Answer 7

absolute neutrophil count

Question 8

What is neutrophiia

Answer 8

high neutrophil count (kidney failure, bacterial infection)

Question 9

What is neutropenia

Answer 9

low neutrophil count (leukemia, bone marrow damage)

Question 10

What are the two types of mast cells?

Answer 10

connective tissue mast cells: local allergic reaction

mucosal mast cells: found in regions of the body exposed to the external environment

Question 11

What is the purpose of mast cells?

Answer 11

defense against parasites

mediation of allergic reactions by release of histamine

Question 12

What is the purpose of macrophages?

Answer 12

phagocytosis
antigen presentation
recycling of dead cells

Question 13

What is the purpose of natural killer cells?

Answer 13

kill tumor/ virus infected cells via apoptosis

regulation of immune response

Question 14

What is the purpose of dendritic cells?

Answer 14

sentinel cells
antigen presentation
promote self-tolerance

Question 15

Where do B-lymphocytes mature?

Answer 15

bone marrow

bursa of fabricius (birds)

Question 16

Which cells are responsible for generating antibodies?

Answer 16

B cells

Question 17

Which immune response are B cells a component of?

Answer 17

Humoral immune response

Question 18

What are the three purposes of antibodies?

Answer 18

opsonization, neutralization, complement activation

Question 19

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 19

Thymus

Question 20

What are the main subsets of T cells?

Answer 20

CD4

CD8

Question 21

What are CD8 T cells?

Answer 21

cytotoxic T cells

Question 22

What are the four main subsets of CD4 T cells?

Answer 22

Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg

Question 23

What immune response are T cells a component of?

Answer 23

cellular immune response

Question 24

What is a primary lymphoid organ?

Answer 24

organ that regulates the development of lymphocytes

Question 25

what is a secondary lymphoid organ?

Answer 25

organ that enlarges during antigen stimulation to facilitate antigen presentation to lymphocytes

Question 26

Where are B cells found in a lymph node?

Answer 26

cortex, germinal centers

Question 27

Where are T cells and dendritic cells found in a lymph node?

Answer 27

paracortex

Question 28

What are the functions of the red/ white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 28

red: blood filtering, RBC storage
white: where immune induction occurs