Intro to Immunology Flashcards
What is the origin cell of all immune cells?
Hematopoietic stem cell
What are the three lines of defense?
1) skin, mucous membranes, chemicals
2) phagocytosis, compliment, interferons, inflammation, fever
3) lymphocytes, antibodies
Which lines of defense are non-specific? Specific?
First and second lines are non-specific, third is specific
Describe basophils
stain dark blue defense against parasites, allergic reactions contain toxic granules phagocytosis Express adhesion molecules
Describe eosinophils
stain red
defense against parasites, allergic reactions
respond to chemokines
contain toxic granules
Describe neutrophils
stain neutral pink
most numerous immune cell
immature= band neutrophil
phagocytosis
What is ANC
absolute neutrophil count
What is neutrophiia
high neutrophil count (kidney failure, bacterial infection)
What is neutropenia
low neutrophil count (leukemia, bone marrow damage)
What are the two types of mast cells?
connective tissue mast cells: local allergic reaction
mucosal mast cells: found in regions of the body exposed to the external environment
What is the purpose of mast cells?
defense against parasites
mediation of allergic reactions by release of histamine
What is the purpose of macrophages?
phagocytosis
antigen presentation
recycling of dead cells
What is the purpose of natural killer cells?
kill tumor/ virus infected cells via apoptosis
regulation of immune response
What is the purpose of dendritic cells?
sentinel cells
antigen presentation
promote self-tolerance
Where do B-lymphocytes mature?
bone marrow
bursa of fabricius (birds)
Which cells are responsible for generating antibodies?
B cells
Which immune response are B cells a component of?
Humoral immune response
What are the three purposes of antibodies?
opsonization, neutralization, complement activation
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What are the main subsets of T cells?
CD4
CD8
What are CD8 T cells?
cytotoxic T cells
What are the four main subsets of CD4 T cells?
Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg
What immune response are T cells a component of?
cellular immune response
What is a primary lymphoid organ?
organ that regulates the development of lymphocytes
what is a secondary lymphoid organ?
organ that enlarges during antigen stimulation to facilitate antigen presentation to lymphocytes
Where are B cells found in a lymph node?
cortex, germinal centers
Where are T cells and dendritic cells found in a lymph node?
paracortex
What are the functions of the red/ white pulp of the spleen?
red: blood filtering, RBC storage
white: where immune induction occurs
