Intro to Histology and Blood

Question 1

What is histology?

Answer 1

Study of tissue structure at the microscopic level

Question 2

Explain Haematoxylin

Answer 2

It is blue/purple and binds to acidic or anionic components (ie. nucleic acid phosphate groups)

Tissues that stain blue are said to be basophilic.

Question 3

Explain Eosin

Answer 3

Pink/Orange and binds to cationic tissue components/ positive charges. It binds positive amino groups of proteins in the cytoplasm or extracellularly.

Tissues that stain pink are said to be eosinophilic

Question 4

What is Amphophilia?

Answer 4

If a tissue stains with both acid and basic dyes such as cytoplasm with alot of protein and RNA

Question 5

What are the four main tissue types?

Answer 5

Connective tissue
Epithelia
Muscle
Neural Tissue

Question 6

How are organs arranged?

Answer 6

As Parenchyma: Functional Cells

Or

Stroma: Support tissue

Question 7

What is the function of Blood?

Answer 7

Transport: Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat, cells
Defence: carry immune cells
Haemostasis

Question 8

What is blood plasma?

Answer 8

• aqeous
• made up on water, protein, salts, lipids, sugars
• it is in equilibrium with the ECF
• Proteins of the plasma are mainly synthesised in the liver and are either involved with coagulation, albumin or globulins.
• It serves various functions and exerts colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 9

What are some types of blood cells?

Answer 9

RBCs
WBCs (Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, Mononuclear leukocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes)
Platelets

Question 10

What are Red Blood Cells?

Answer 10

• biconcave disc shape with an average diameter of 7.2 microns
• have no nucleus or organelles but contain haemoglobin
• it is used in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide and has a life span of 120 days in blood

Question 11

What are reticulocytes?

Answer 11

• immature RBCs tha still have no nucleus but do have some organelles
• we see increased numbers following massive blood loss

Question 12

What are Platelets?

Answer 12

They are cell fragments that contain various granules and are involved in haemostasis and coagulation.
-They have a life span of 8-10 days

Question 13

What are WBCs?

Answer 13

There are many different types of WBCs.

• present in the blood, function in the tissues
• leave blood vessels by diapedesis
• involved in defense and the immune system

Question 14

What are the Histological characteristics of neutrophils?

Answer 14

• granulated
• multilobed nucleus
• have barr bodies in females

Question 15

What are the Histological characteristics of eosinophils?

Answer 15

• bilobed nucleus
• granules
• pink

Question 16

What are the Histological characteristics of basophils?

Answer 16

• bilobed nucleus
• granules
• blue

Question 17

What are the Histological characteristics of lymphocytes?

Answer 17

• very small

- round, densely stained nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm

Question 18

What are the Histological characteristics of monocytes?

Answer 18

• largest WBC
• eccentric oval/bean shaped nucleus
• paler nucleus and more cytoplasm than lymphocytes

Question 19

What is the significance of bone marrow?

Answer 19

It is the site of haemopoisesis (generating new blood cells and platelets) as well as the removal site of old RBCs. It also plays a key immune function role.

Question 20

What is haemopoiesis?

Answer 20

Production of new blood cells.
-red bone marrow is haemopoietic and yellow bone marrow is adipose.

-billions of ells are generated each day all generated from one pluripotent progenitor cell called THE HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELL

The process is tightly controlled via Gfs, ECM and Cells etc.