Intro to cardiac cycle

Question 1

The right heart supplies blood to the systemic circuit and the left heart supplies blood to the pulmonary circuit. True or false?

Answer 1

False - right -> pulmonary, left -> systemic

Question 2

What are the four major systemic arteries?

Answer 2

Aorta
Femoral
Brachial
Carotid

Question 3

What are the two major systemic veins?

Answer 3

Jegular
Vena cava (inferior and superior)

Question 4

What are the vessel types in order of blood flow?

Answer 4

Arteries -> arterioles -> pre-capillary sphincter -> capillary -> venule -> vein

Question 5

What are the four valves of the heart?

Answer 5

Right AV (tricuspid)
Left AV (bicuspid)
Pulmonary semilunar (right)
Aortic semilunar (left)

Question 6

What is the difference between the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava?

Answer 6

Superior carries blood from all parts of the body above the diaphragm
Inferior carries blood from all parts below diaphragm

Question 7

Pulmonary arteries are only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. True or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood. True or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Blood flows through systemic circuit first and then flows through pulmonary circuit. True or false?

Answer 9

False - blood flows through both simultaneously

Question 10

After contraction, there is a point at which the atria and ventricles are empty. True or false?

Answer 10

False - never fully empty

Question 11

Why is arterial pressure always high, even during diastole?

Answer 11

Because after contraction, there is still some blood left in atria so aortic valve closes to prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles. Pressure is high as blood remains contained.

Question 12

What is meant by end diastolic volume?

Answer 12

The volume of blood in ventricle at diastole (after filling) - max vol in cardiac cycle

Question 13

What is meant by end systolic volume?

Answer 13

The volume of blood in ventricle at systole (after emptying) - lowest vol in cardiac cycle

Question 14

Where is the mitral (bicuspid) valve located?

Answer 14

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 15

During ventricular systole, the mitral valve opens. True or false?

Answer 15

False - closes to prevent blood going from ventricles to atrium (and pulmonary vein)

Question 16

Where is the aortic valve located?

Answer 16

Between the left ventricle and aorta

Question 17

Systolic BP is the same as ventricular pressure. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Diastolic BP is the same as diastolic LV pressure. True or false?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

With each heartbeat, the left and right ventricles contract together. True or false?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 20

CO = HR x SV

Question 21

What is stroke volume?

Answer 21

The volume of blood pumped from each ventricle, with every beat

Question 22

What is the typical value for SV?

Answer 22

70ml

Question 23

What is the typical heart rate value?

Answer 23

70bpm

Question 24

What is normal BP classed as?

Answer 24

<130 / <85 mmHg

Question 25

What is optimal BP classed as?

Answer 25

<120 / <80 mmHg

Question 26

In a resting person, the heart must pump 5/6L blood per minute. True or false?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 27

• Cause of ~50% of disease related deaths
• Most common cause of premature death (<75 years)
• Shows health inequality - poorer areas more affected