Intro to Anatomy: Sports Med 1 Flashcards
What does anatomical position look like? (3)
- Erect stance
- Arms at side
- Palms facing forward
Anatomical Position is used to…
improve communication between heath care professionals
Anatomical Planes are planes that…
“slice” through the body in 3 dimensions
the 3 anatomical planes are…
- Coronal/ Frontal
- Sagittal
- Axial/Transverse
Anatomical Terms of Reference: (8)
- Anterior- refers to front of body
- Posterior- refers to back of body
- Medial- toward midline of body
- Lateral- away from midline
- Promimal- towards a limbs attachment to the trunk
- Distal- away from a limbs attachment to the trunk
- Inferior- lower or below
- Superior- upper or above
Types of Movement: (9)
- Flexion/ Extension: Flexion=forward, Extension= back
- Abduction/adduction: AB= movement away, AD= movement towards midline
- Pronation/Supination: Pro= face behind(backwards), Sup= holding Soup/forward
- Plantar FLexion/ Dorsiflexion: P=down, D=up (WITH ANKLE)
- Inversion/Eversion: IN= inwards, E= outwards (WITH ANKLE)
- Protraction/Retraction: Pro= forwards, Re= pull back (SHOUDLERS)
- Rotation: turning of NECK/TRUNK
- Circumduction: in circle/all around **only movement that “slices” all three planes (HIP/SHOULDER)
- Lateral Flexion: turn to side (lateral movement) (TRUNK/ANKLE/NECK)
Skin is the… (2)
- outermost surface
2. first line of defense against external forces
Skin has the ability to expand in… (4)
- Muscle girth
- Fat
- General growth
- Pregnancy
Bones 3 primary functions:
- Protect vital organs and structures from trauma: brain protected by skull, heart/lungs protected by ribs
- Structures acted on by muscles to create movement
- Produce blood cells, store minerals (calcium, phosphorous)
Types of Skeletons: (2) Types of Bones: (4)
Axial Skeleton-spine, thorax(rib cage) and skull
Appendicular skeleton- bones of the extremities
long bone- femur
short bone-Metacarpal
Flat bone- scapula
irregular bone- vertebra
Cartilage: (3)
- Hyaline- covers bones (bone to bone joints, trachea and bronchi)
- Elastic- external ear, epiglottis
- Fibrous- invertebbral discs
Tendons and Ligaments:
T= attach muscle to bone L= attach bone to bone
3 types of muscle:
- Skeletal- under control of voluntary nervous system
- cardiac- specialized for the heart
- smooth or visceral- NOT under voluntary nervous control EX: blood vessels
4 terms to describe skeletal muscle:
- Origin- proximal
- Insertion- distal
- Action- movemnet
- Innnervation- nerve supply
classification of joints: (4)
- non-axial- gliding between tarsals
- uniaxial- single plane movement
- biaxial- 2 planes
- multiaxial- movement in all 3 planes *Circumduction
