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Mechanism Of Disease > Intro Lecture > Flashcards

Intro Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

disease

A

describes the actual impaired function and/or structure of all or part of the human body

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2
Q

syndrome

A

a characteristic set of manifestations

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3
Q

etiology

A

specific cause of a disease

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4
Q

idiopathic

A

no known etiology

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5
Q

nosocomial

A

caused by exposure to a healthcare setting

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6
Q

iatrogenic

A

caused by medical treatment

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7
Q

pathogenesis

A

how a disease process evolves

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8
Q

risk factor

A

anything that increased the probability of experiencing or susceptibility to a particular adverse health outcome

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9
Q

precipitating factors

A

agents that promote the onset of clinical manifestations; “triggers”

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10
Q

sign

A

a clinical manifestation of a disease that is measurable or observable by a clinician

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11
Q

symptom

A

a clinical manifestation of a disease that is reported by a patient (cannot be verified by a clinician)

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12
Q

location (2 types)

A

local or systemic

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13
Q

timing (3 types)

A

acute, chronic, subacute

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14
Q

acute disease

A

generally begins abruptly and lasts a limited time

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15
Q

chronic disease

A

generally begins insidiously and lasts an extended or indefinite time

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16
Q

subacute

A

condition that falls between acute and chronic

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17
Q

Severity (3 types)

A

remission, exacerbation, asymptomatic

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18
Q

remission

A

period of reduced or absent disease manifestation

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19
Q

exacerbation

A

period of increased disease manifestation

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20
Q

asymptomatic

A

absence of symptoms in the presence of a disease

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21
Q

Types of outcomes

A

morbidity, complications, sequelae, mortality, mortality, prognosis

22
Q

morbidity

A

general term for negative outcome due to disease that negatively impacts the quality of life

23
Q

complications

A

adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from treatment of that disease

24
Q

sequelae

A

impairments that follow a disease state or injury

25
Q

mortality

A

death

26
Q

prognosis

A

the prediction of how a patient will proceed through the disease process

27
Q

primary prevention

A

prohibits a disease condition from occurring (vaccinating)

28
Q

secondary prevention

A

early detection and treatment of a disease through screening programs

29
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

treatment and rehabilitation of a patient after diagnosis of a disease process (rehab after an MI)

30
Q

stress

A

the body’s reaction to harmful forces (stressors)

31
Q

types of stress

A

routine, episodic acute stress, traumatic stress

32
Q

routine stress

A

everyday issues

33
Q

episodic acute stress

A

transient, out of the ordinary event (death in family, loss of job)

34
Q

traumatic stress

A

major accident, war, assault, natural disaster

35
Q

anxiety

A

vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread, often accompanied by autonomic response

36
Q

stressor

A

any physical, physiological, psychological force that disturbs homeostasis-equilibrium

37
Q

homeostasis

A

state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body

38
Q

adaptation

A

response of an organism to stress to restore homeostasis and equilibrium

39
Q

types of stressors

A

endogenous or exogenous

40
Q

endogenous stressor examples

A

nasty stomach bug, anxiety

41
Q

exogenous stressor

A

death in the family, increased demands on time and mental energy at work

42
Q

sympathetic nervous system entails….

A

fight or flight (activated by stress)

43
Q

parasympathetic nervous system entails…

A

rest and digest (surpassed by stress)

44
Q

ANS fight or flight response to stress

A

INC: HR, BP, RR, pupil dilation, sweating, blood flow to skeletal muscles/heart/lungs
DEC: gastric function, blood flow to other viscera

45
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

regulates cognitive activities (focus, planning, attention, persistence)

46
Q

limbic system

A

regulates emotional activities, reticular activating system (RAS) fear, anxiety, anger, excitement

47
Q

RAS increases

A

alertness, muscle tension, and stimulates ANS

48
Q

Thalamus (in reaction to stress)

A

-regulates and intensifies sensory input (vision, hearing, smell)

49
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates stress hormones and acts on the ANS

50
Q

four major hormones involved in stress

A

cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

51
Q

cortisol

A

Mechanism Of Disease (3 decks)

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