Intro

Question 1

how does universal notation system work?

Answer 1

starts upper R, goes across the top, drops down to the L, then comes back to the lower R for 32 total teeth (including 3rd molars)

Question 2

numbering system for primary teeth that hang around later into life

Answer 2

keep the alphabetic numbering system, unless they are implants

Question 3

clinical crown

Answer 3

the visible part of a tooth above the gumline - can change throughout a person’s life!

Question 4

anatomical crown

Answer 4

what you think of when you think of a proper crown, separated from the roots by the CEJ. only change to it is wear on the top of the tooth

Question 5

root

Answer 5

part of the tooth embedded in the alveolar process and covered by cementum

Question 6

alveolar process

Answer 6

the bone that holds the teeth in the jaw. roots are covered by cementum.

Question 7

apex

Answer 7

the tapered end of a root tip

Question 8

apical foramen

Answer 8

the opening at the root tip where nerves and blood vessels enter and exit the tooth

Question 9

layers of the teeth from external to internal

Answer 9

enamel, dentin, pulp

Question 10

neck of the tooth

Answer 10

the CEJ area

Question 11

gingiva

Answer 11

gums

Question 12

helps attach the root to the surrounding alveolar process

Answer 12

periodontal ligament

Question 13

layer of the tooth that covers the roots

Answer 13

cementum

Question 14

enamel

Answer 14

1. makes up the anatomic crown - not on the root!
2. hardest material in the human body
3. incapable of remodeling and repair, but can remineralize
4. is somewhat dynamic - constantly undergoing equilibrium process - exchange of ions with saliva

Question 15

benefit of fluoride

Answer 15

makes enamel more resistant to acid attack

Question 16

composition of enamel

Answer 16

95% calcium hydroxyapatite in a crystalline structure, 5% water and organic material

Question 17

cells that form enamel

Answer 17

ameloblasts - ectodermal epithelial cells

Question 18

dentin

Answer 18

1. just deep to the enamel, makes up the bulk of the volume of the tooth
2. covered by enamel on crown and cementum on root
3. not as hard as enamel - 70% calcium hydroxyapatite
4. exposed dentin via dentinal tubules is sensitive to temperature/pressure
5. covers pulp

Question 19

DEJ

Answer 19

dentinoenamel joint - where the dentin and the enamel meet. not visible clinically unless enamel has been removed.

Question 20

cells that produce dentin

Answer 20

odontoblasts from the mesoderm. they are still alive after the tooth erupts, so they create more dentin in response to trauma - one of the teeth’s only protective mechanisms

Question 21

dentinal tubules

Answer 21

pores in the dentin that travel from the pulp to the border of the enamel or cementum

Question 22

cementum

Answer 22

1. covers root of the tooth
2. covers the dentin and meets the enamel at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)
3. primary function is to anchor the tooth to the bony socket with attachment fibers (periodontal ligament)
4. softer than dentin - 65% calcium hydroxyapatite - about as hard as bone - most susceptible to decay
5. develops from the dental sac (mesoderm) and is produced by cementoblasts

Question 23

cells that create cementum

Answer 23

cementoblasts, from the dental sac (mesoderm)

Question 24

CEJ

Answer 24

cementoenemal junction - separates the enamel of the crown from the cementum of the anatomic root. aka the cervical line

Question 25

cervix

Answer 25

neck of the tooth, or cervical line. where the CEJ is.

Question 26

made from mesodermal cells

Answer 26

cementum - cementoblasts (dental sac)
dentin - odontoblasts (dental papilla)
pulp - odontoblasts (dental papilla)

Question 27

made from ectodermal cells

Answer 27

enamel - ameloblasts

Question 28

pulp

Answer 28

1. soft (not calficified or mineralized) connective tissue deep to the dentin. has a coronal portion (pulp chamber) and root portion (pulp canal/root canal)
2. surrounded by dentin except at the apical foramen
3. develops from dental papilla (mesoderm)
4. many functions

Question 29

functions of pulp

Answer 29

1. formative: odontoblasts to make dentin
2. sensory: nerve endings relay feeling of pain
3. nutritive: blood vessels transport nutrients from bloodstream to cells of the pulp and odontoblasts
4. defensive/protective: forms reparative dentin with odontoblasts

Question 30

reparative dentin

Answer 30

formed by odontoblasts in the pulp, it’s how pulp responds to decay or injury

Question 31

occlusion

Answer 31

the way the jaws and teeth meet/come together

Question 32

facial surface

Answer 32

surface facing lips and cheeks (labial + buccal)

Question 33

buccal surface

Answer 33

surface of teeth adjacent to cheek (posterior teeth only - premolars and molars)

Question 34

labial surface

Answer 34

side of the teeth that touch the lip (anterior teeth only - incisors and canines)

Question 35

lingual suface

Answer 35

surface of the tooth adjacent to the tongue

Question 36

palatal suface

Answer 36

for the top teeth, another name for the lingual surface

Question 37

distal surface

Answer 37

surface of the tooth farthest from the midline

Question 38

mesial surface

Answer 38

surface of the tooth closest to the midline

two mesial surfaces touch each other at the top and bottom central incisors

Question 39

occlusal surface

Answer 39

the biting surface of the posterior teeth

Question 40

incisal surface

Answer 40

biting surface of the anterior teeth

Question 41

proximal surface

Answer 41

a global term referring to the side of a tooth that touches another tooth - either mesial or distal surface

Question 42

interproximal

Answer 42

between teeth or between two proximal surfaces

Question 43

a contact

Answer 43

the point where two teeth touch - side by side or top and bottom