Intro

Question 1

CSI effect

Answer 1

compared to the show, many different people have specific jobs and different aspects can take days, weeks, months, or years with some cases never being solved

Question 2

backlog

Answer 2

people work on multiple cases at the same time so while they wait for certain parts of one case they have other work to do

Question 3

Mathieu Orfila

Answer 3

father of forensic toxicology

Question 4

Alphonse Bertillon

Answer 4

Devised the first scientific system of identification using body measurements known as anthropometry

Question 5

Francis Galton

Answer 5

Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification

Question 6

Leone Lattes

Answer 6

Developed a procedure to determine blood type for dried blood stains (A, B, AB, O)

Question 7

Calvin Goddard

Answer 7

Used a comparison microscope to determine if a bullet was fired from a specific gun (tool marks)

Question 8

Albert Osborn

Answer 8

Fundamental principles of document exams

Question 9

Hans Gross

Answer 9

Wrote the 1st treatise describing the application of scientific principles to the field of criminal investigation
- Criminal investigation book

Question 10

Edmond Locard

Answer 10

Whenever 2 objects interact THERE IS an exchange of material

Question 11

Alexander Getter

Answer 11

• 1st forensic chemist to be employed in US
• Father of forensic toxicology in America

Question 12

4 major federal crime labs

Answer 12

FBI
DEA
ATF
US Postal inspection Service

Question 13

DEA

Answer 13

Drug Enforcement Administration

Question 14

ATF

Answer 14

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

Question 15

Testimonial evidence

Answer 15

given in the form of a statement under oath in response to questioning

Question 16

Physical Evidence

Answer 16

anything used, left, removed, altered or contaminated during the commission of the crime by the victim or suspect

Question 17

Individual Characteristic

Answer 17

a piece of evidence that is unique and can be identified to the exclusion of all others

Question 18

Class Characteristic

Answer 18

features shared by a group or class

Question 19

Frye V. United States

Answer 19

evidence must have been processed using a procedure or techniques that are “generally accepted” by scientific community in the field it belongs to.

Question 20

As new techniques become available

Answer 20

they must be reviewed by other scientists to become “generally accepted” by the scientific community

Question 21

Daubert V Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc

Answer 21

1993 Supreme Court ruling that evidence deemed “generally accepted” is NOT absolute
- Assigns the trial court judge the task of ensuring the expert’s testimony rests on reliable foundation and relevant to the case

Question 22

Daubert Guidelines

Answer 22

• Has the scientific technique been tested
• Has it been subject to pier review and publication
• The techniques potential rate of error
• Standards controlling the technique’s operation
• Has the method attracted widespread acceptance within a relevant scientific community

Question 23

Test for admissibility

Answer 23

• Some legal experts have worried that abandoning Frye’s general acceptance test could result in absurd and irrational pseudoscientific claims in court
• The Supreme Court rejected this saying that the vigorous cross examination , presentation of contrary evidence, and careful instruction on the burden of proof are the traditional and appropriate means of attacking shaky but admissible evidence

Question 24

Daubert’s Test

Answer 24

• The trial judge is the ultimate gatekeeper to acceptance of an expert’s testimony

Question 25

Forensic scientist training

Answer 25

• under an experienced examiner
• may take months or years

Question 26

Qualifications for forensic scientist

Answer 26

• Education and experience
• Demeanor and ability to explain scientific information
  Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the expert testimony is the responsibility of the prosecution and defense attorney

Question 27

The work of the forensic scientist has little value if the evidence has not been

Answer 27

identified, recorded, collected, and preserved at the scene of the crime

Question 28

Responsibility of the forensic scientist is to

Answer 28

train and educate law enforcement in the identification, recording, collecting, and preservation of the physical evidence