Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgical Patient > Intra-op Paient > Flashcards

Intra-op Paient Flashcards

0
Q

Transient bacteria

A

Limited to exposed skin and easily removed by mechanical cleansing “hand washing”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Preparation of the surgical site:

A

Remove dirt, reduce resident microbes, prevent regrowth of bacteria, after special cleansing, hair removed from the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resident bacteria

A

Inhabit deep structure of dermis, sweat glands, hair follicles “surgical scrub”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Time between pre-op shave and sx has direct effect on:

A

Wound infection rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anti microbial agents:

A

“Soaps” emulsify and peptize skin bacteria and oils on skin surface to allow them to be rinsed away with running water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood loss and hemostasis:

A

Control of bleeding to prevent hemorrhage, allow visualization of sx field, and promote wound healing ( natural, artificial, or chemical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Natural hemostasis:

A

Normal defense mechanism o fibrinogen, PT+factor V= thrombin, fibrinogen= fibrin, platelets (not as effective in large wounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Artificial hemostasis:

A

Control bloodflow/blood loss, instruments, manual pressure, cautery(heat), bone wax, ligating clips, tourniquets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical hemostasis:

A

Thrombostat, electro cautery, and gel foam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bone wax

A

Refined beeswax used to control marrow oozing (neuro and ortho)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thrombostat

A

Enzyme extracted from beef blood accelerates clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gelfoam

A

Gelatin sponge dipped in epinephrine or thrombostat placed on bleeding area, absorbed by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sutures

A

Approximates tissue edges, absorbable and non-absorbable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Absorbable sutures

A

Natural/material digested or hydrolyzed by tissue in 7-10 days ex: collagen, vicril, ethilon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-absorbable sutures:

A

Must be removed before healing complete ex: metal, nylon, polyester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Staples

A

Uniform tension, faster to apply than sutures, must be removed <1 week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Retention sutures:

A

Secondary sutures, large rubber encased wire sutures. Used in areas with increased pressure on incision, patients at high risk of dehiscence. (abd sx in obese)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adhesive skin closure:

A

Steri-strips used on small wounds that need minimal tension. Fall off <10 days, not removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Incision glue:

A

Liquid forms barrier over wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When removing staples and sutures, remove every other one because:

A

Make sure the incision would not dehiscence then remove the rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Surgical dressing - three layers

A

1: contact or primary drsg
2: absorbent layer
3: outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contact or primary dressing

A

Touches incision, skin, drainage, blood ex: 4x4 gauze and telfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Absorbent layer

A

Reservoir for secretions. Wick-like action draws secretions away from wound ex: abd pad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Outer layer

A

Keeps organisms out of wound ex: tape covering all material to prevent break in drsg

24
Q

Drains provide exit for:

A

Serum, blood, and body secretions, unexpected bile, intestinal or vascular leaks ex: hemovac, JP/Blake, penrose, t-tube, gauze wick (Iodoform), chest tube

25
Q

Anesthesia

A

Induced state of partial or total loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness. (Blocks nerve impulse, suppresses reflexes, promotes muscle relaxation/paralysis, controlled level of consciousness)

26
Q

General anesthesia

A

Total loss of all sensation an consciousness and protective reflexes, IV or inh, adv: easily regulated, adj to sx, age, physical status, dis: depression, fear, anxiety, long term effects, risk of death. Stages1-4

27
Q

Stages of general anesthesia:

A

1: analgesia, relaxation, sedation
2: excitement, delirium, loss of consciousness
3: operative anesthesia, all sensation lost, *where sx occurs
4: danger

28
Q

Regional anesthesia:

A

Interruption if nerve impulses to specify area of body, involves central nerve(sc) or group of nerves (plexus), always inj, adv: pain relief, safe, non-invasive. Dis: long term damages, patient still awake, difficult to hit right spot.

29
Q

Types of regional anesthesia:

A

Topical, local, spinal, epidural

30
Q

MAC-monitored anesthetic care or conscious sedation

A

Minimal depression of consciousness, airway maintained, quick emergence

31
Q

Three phases of anesthesia:

A

Induction, maintenance, and emergence

32
Q

Induction

A

Adm of agents

33
Q

Maintenance

A

Maintain loss of consciousness during surgical procedure

34
Q

Emergence

A

Awakening or “coming out”, violent emergence-come out aggressively

35
Q

Anesthesia preoperatviely

A

Patient assessed and pertinent info gathered by anesthesiologist

36
Q

Intraoperatively

A

Induction/maintenance of anesthesia awake/sedation, unconscious, intubation

37
Q

Postoperatively

A

Emergence in PACU, waking up, amnesia, HA, n/v, pain, complications

38
Q

Complication of general anesthesia

A

Overdose, hypoventilation, intubation complications, aspiration, larygno/broncho spasms, sore throat, hoarseness, allergic reaction, hypotension

39
Q

Complications of regional anesthesia

A

Nerve damage/ hematoma at injection site/spinal headache

40
Q

Complication of local anesthesia

A

Safe with rare complications

41
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Genetic reaction to general anesthesia (altered control of Ca level in muscles = hypermetabolism of skeletal muscles > muscle contracture > acidosis, rapid rise in temperature (late sign), tachycardia/dysrythmia, muscle rigidity, hypotension/kidney failure, important to know family hx of anesthesia, can be reversed if recognized and treated (dantrene), can occur <24 hrs post op,

42
Q

Gerontological considerations for anesthesia

A

Titrate for elderly, monitor closely, age affects anesthesia, blood loss, fluid loss, replacement, hypothermia, skin integrity, and pain

43
Q

Teaching

A

Anxiety, anesthesia, advantages, disadvantages, what to expect/ what will happen, treatment of symptoms, therapeutic communication, answer all questions

44
Q

Open wound

A

Break in skin or mm, ex: incisions, venipuncture, gunshot wound

45
Q

Closed wound

A

No break in skin, ex: fracture, tear of visceral organ, ruptured spleen, lacerated liver

46
Q

Intentional wound

A

Result from therapy, ex: sx incision, introduction of needle into body part

47
Q

Unintentional wound

A

Occurs unexpectedly, ex: traumatic injury

48
Q

Penetrating wound

A

Break in epidural skin layer, as well as dermis and deeper, ex: foreign object or instrument entering deep into the body tissue; gunshot, stab wound

49
Q

Perforating wound

A

Foreign object enters and exists an internal organ, ex: perfed bowel

50
Q

Clean wound

A

Closed surgical wound that did not enter GI, resp, or GU tract; low risk of infection

51
Q

Clean/contaminated wound

A

Wound entering GI, resp, GU systems, risk of infection; ex: thoroectomy, colonectomy

52
Q

Contaminated wound

A

Open, traumatic, surgical wound with break in asepsis, sx or accidental; high risk of infection

53
Q

Infected wound

A

Wound site with pathogens present and signs of infection; infected

54
Q

Clean wound

A

Closed surgical wound that did not enter GI, resp, or GU tract; low risk of infection

55
Q

Clean/contaminated wound

A

Wound entering GI, resp, GU systems, risk of infection; ex: thoroectomy, colonectomy

56
Q

Contaminated wound

A

Open, traumatic, surgical wound with break in asepsis, sx or accidental; high risk of infection

57
Q

Infected wound

A

Wound site with pathogens present and signs of infection; infected

Surgical Patient (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions