Interventions Based on Operant Conditioning Flashcards
Access to a preferred activity is contingent on performance of a less preferred activity when using which of the following?
A. response cost
B. differential reinforcement
C. Premack principle
D. chaining
Answer C is correct. When using the Premack principle, a high frequency or preferred behavior is used as reinforcement for a low frequency or less preferred behavior in order to increase the low frequency behavior.
A rat is trained to press a lever to obtain food by first providing food when it’s facing the lever, then only when it’s facing the lever and is close to it, then only when it’s facing the lever and is next to it, then only when it touches the lever with its paw, and then only when it presses the lever. The technique being used to train the rat to press the lever is which of the following?
A. chaining
B. shaping
C. discrimination training
D. differential reinforcement
Answer B is correct. Shaping is also known as successive approximation conditioning because it involves providing reinforcement only for behaviors that come closer and closer to the desired behavior.
The two forms of overcorrection are:
A. restitution and positive practice.
B. restitution and graded practice.
C. shaping and positive practice.
D. shaping and graded practice.
Answer A is correct. Overcorrection consists of two procedures that can be used alone or together – restitution and positive practice.
Differential reinforcement combines:
A. stimulus control and positive reinforcement.
B. stimulus control and negative reinforcement.
C. extinction and positive reinforcement.
D. extinction and negative reinforcement.
Answer C is correct. Differential reinforcement combines extinction of an undesirable behavior with reinforcement for desired behaviors.
In a facility for adults with schizophrenia, patients earn tokens when they engage in desirable behaviors and lose tokens when they engage in undesirable behaviors. Losing tokens is an example of which of the following?
A. differential reinforcement
B. Premack principle
C. secondary reinforcement
D. response cost
Answer D is correct. Response cost is an application of negative punishment and involves removing a specific reinforcer (e.g., tokens) following a behavior in order to decrease that behavior.
