inorganic ions Flashcards
1
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of calcium ions
A
- Ca2+
- nerve impulse transmission: regulates exocytosis of neurotransmitters
- muscle contraction: binds to troponin to stimulate
- make calcium pectate to add stability to middle lamella of plant cell walls
2
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of sodium ions
A
- Na2+
- nerve impulse transmission: maintenance of resting potential of neurons / generation of action potentials
- kidney function
- involved in co transport mechanisms
3
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of potassium ions
A
- K+
- nerve impulse transmission: maintenance of resting potential of neurons / generation of action potentials
- stomatal opening
4
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of hydrogen ions
A
- H+
- catalysis of reactions: H+ pump is involved in chemiosmosis and active loading in translocation
- pH determination: regulates and can interact with bonds in the tertiary structure of a protein to cause denaturation
5
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of ammonium ions
A
- NH4+
- production of nitrate ions by bacteria: can be converted to NO3- (nitrates) by saprobionts during nitrogen cycle
- produced by deamination of amino acids during ornithine cycle in liver
6
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of nitrate ions
A
- NO3-
- nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation: also used to make DNA, NADP for photosynthesis and NAD for respiration
7
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of hydrogen-carbonate ions
A
- HCO3-
- maintenance of blood pH
8
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of chloride ions
A
- Cl-
- balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
- involved in inhibitory synapses to cause hyperpolarisation
9
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of phosphate ions
A
- PO4-
- cell membrane formation
- component nucleic acid and ATP / ADP formation for energy release and NADP
- bone formation
10
Q
state the chemical symbol and role of hydroxide ions
A
- OH-
- catalysis of reactions
- pH determination: can interact with bonds in tertiary protein structure to cause denaturation
11
Q
define ‘cation’
A
a positively charged ion
12
Q
define ‘anion’
A
a negatively charged ion
