Inner Speech Flashcards

1
Q

Inner speech

A

Activity of talking to oneself in silence. Around 1/4 of people’s conscious waking life consists of inner speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Private speech

A

Speech-for-self emitted outloud by children in social
situations; adults too engage in private speech (when
alone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Self-talk

A

Talking to oneself either silently or out loud.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the progression of inner speech

A

Social speech -> private speech -> inner speech; private speech can reemerge in adulthood, but takes place when a person is alone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can inner speech develop prior to social speech?

A

No it can’t.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can you be conscious without being self-aware?

A

Yes (eg. babies are conscious but might not necessarily be self aware and know they are hungry).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What inner speech is VS what inner speech is not

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is thinking inner speech?

A

Thinking is more than just inner speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cognitive function of inner speech?

A
  • Verbal self guidance (i.e., self-regulation/control)
  • Blocking inner speech produces self-control deficits.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does verbal self-guidance include?

A
  • Setting/remembering goals
  • Planning
  • Reasoning
  • Problem-solving
  • Decision-making
  • Self-motivating speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the addiction functions, besides the cognitive functions, of inner speech?

A
  • Mnemonic function
  • Language function
  • Task-switching performance
  • Rehearsing person-to-person communicative encounters
  • Emotional expression
  • Learning to differentiate one’s own voice from those of others through private speech use.
  • Theory-of-Mind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does dysfunctional self-talk look like?

A
  • May lead to (or maintain) psychological disorders.
  • Inner speech use correlates with rumination.
  • Asymmetry between positive and negative self-verbalizations.
  • Auditory verbal hallucinations experienced by schizophrenic patients - non-monitored inner speech.
  • Lack of self-regulatory inner speech in hyperactive children.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the self-reflective functions of inner speech?

A
  • Verbal labelling of self-characteristics allows one to become fully aware of them and to gradually incorporate them into self-concept.
  • One becomes aware of mental states when one generates higher-order thoughts about them; one becomes self-aware when one engages in self-talk (higher-order thought) about one’s current mental states and personal characteristics.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does inner speech lead to self-reflection, or vice versa?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe how there will be self-awareness deficits following inner speech loss?

A
  • General self-awareness deficit.
  • Confused sense of individuality.
  • Problems retrieving autobiographical memories.
  • Lack of self-conscious emotions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the role of inner speech in the awareness of mind-wandering

A
  • Typically people are unaware of experiencing mind-wandering episodes.
  • Inner speech facilitates awareness of mind-wandering (meta-awareness of mind-wandering episodes - specific case of self-reflection).
17
Q

When do people report substantial inner speech use?

A
  • Reports of substantial inner speech use during autobiographical recall and
    prospection in thought sampling studies.
  • Reports of substantial inner speech use about self in thought listing studies.
18
Q

What are the problems with the existing inner speech measures (i.e., thought sampling and questionnaires)?

A
  • Uniquely capture frequency and neglect content.
  • Classify self-reported thoughts in overly simplistic categories predetermined by researchers.
19
Q

What is the most frequently self-reported inner speech topic?

A

Inner speech about negative emotions.

20
Q

How and why is inner speech involved in self-reflection?

A
  • Reproduction by inner speech of social mechanisms leading to self-reflection.
  • Self-awareness as problem solving process.
  • Self-distancing.
  • Verbal labelling.
21
Q

How could we make robots self-aware?

A

Implement inner speech as it serves self-reflective functions, and will make the robot self-aware.