Innate Immunity Receptors Flashcards
What are DAMPs?
indicator molecules of cellular infection, damage, stress or transformation
What cytokine are macrophages dependent on for self-renewal?
IL34
What is the function of patrolling monocytes?
survey for injury to the endothelium by rolling along the rndothelium
What do classical monocytes express on their surface?
CD14
What are the 2 types of dendritic cell?
conventional/classical and plasmocytoid
What is the main function of plasmocytoid dendritic cells?
production of type 1 interferons
What is the function of dectin-1 receptor?
recognises beta-1,3-linked glucans foudn on fungal cell walls
what cells express dectin-1?
macrophages; neutrophils and dendritic cells
What type of receptor is the mannose receptor?
C-type lectin
What cells are scavenger receptors found on?
macrophages
What is the function of scavenger receptors?
recognise various anionic polymers and cetylated low-density lipoproteins
what is the function of class A scavenger receptors?
bind various bacterial cell wall components and help internalise bacteria
Waht is the function of class B scavenger receptors?
bind HDL and internalise lipids
What pathogens are Toll-like receptors critical for defense against?
gram-positive bacteria and fungi
What is the function of Toll signalling?
induces expressiong of several host-defence mechsnism
What PAMP is recognised in a gram positive bacterial cell wall?
lipoteichoic acid
Waht PAMP is recognised in a gram negative bacterial cell wall?
lipopolysaccharide
What toll-like receptor recognises double stranded RNA (viruses)?
TLR3
What does TLR4 recognise?
LPS and LTA
What toll-like receptor recognises flagellin?
TLR5
What toll-like receptor is paired with TLR6?
TLR2
What TLR is paired with TLR1?
TLR2
What toll like receptors recognise single stranded RNA (viruses)
TLR7 and TLR-8
What TLR recognises DNA with unmethylated CpG?
TLR9
What organisms are found to have DNA with unmethylated CpG?
bacteria and herpesviruses
Are TLRs sensors for microbes in the intra/extraceullar environment?
extracellulae
What is the function of TLRs found on endosomes?
detect pathogens that have been taken up by phagocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis
What is the extracellular componenet of a TLR composed of?
leuceine-rich repeats
What happens when a toll-like receptor is activated?
formation of a dimer or induces conformational changes in a preformed TLR dimer
What is the foudn on the cytoplasmic tail of all toll-like receptors?
toll-IL-1 receptor domain
What other receptor is the TIR domain found in?
receptor for the cytokine interleukin-1beta
Where are TLR-1; TLR-2 and TLR-6 found?
cell surface
What can be used experimentally to activate TLR-3 by mimicking dsRNA?
poly I:C
What does the delivery of TLR-3; TLR7 and TLR8 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome rely upon?
UNC93B1
What does TLR-4 require to recognise LPS?
MD-2
What is needed to bind to LPS which has detached from the bacteria and is lying in the extracellular fluid?
LPS-binding protein