Info from handnotes Flashcards
Which type of Age-Related Macular Degeneration is that:
- gradual loss of vision
- sudden loss of vision
- gradual = dry
- sudden = wet (as vascular)
Mx of wet ARMD
anti- VEGF injections (vascular endothelial growth factor) -> decrease new vessel formation
*many would not improve vision but may stop its progressive worsening
Mx of dry ARMD
Aim: to slow down the progression
cannot improve vision
stop smoking, vitamins (antioxidants/zinc), supportive: glasses, magnifying lenses, psychological support, regular eye checks
What eyedrops are used before fundoscopy?
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) -> anticholinergic
aim: to dilate pupil
A 21-year-old student attends an indoor music festival. The next day he has ringing in his ears and can not hear properly. Which part of the ear has been damaged?
Noise damages the cochlea (Noise Induced Hearing Loss) which is H.
The hearing loss is likely to be temporary but repeated or severe damage can cause permanent hearing loss.
A 5-year-old girl spends ten minutes on a merry-go-round. When she gets off she walks unsteadily and feels that the world is spinning around her. Which part of her ear is causing this?
Spinning around makes the fluid (endolymph) in the semi-circular canals (F) move around.
When you stop spinning the endolymph continues to slosh around, which you feel as though you, or the world, are moving even though you are not.
A 31 y old man has an itchy ear and tries to clean his ear with a cotton bud. He pokes a bit hard and experiences sudden pain, some bleeding from the ear, and hearing loss. Which part of the ear has he damaged?
He has perforated his ear drum (B).
It will probably heal up over time. Cotton buds should not be put in your ears - the rule of thumb is ‘don’t put anything in your ear that is smaller than your elbow.’
A 4 year old girl has had poor hearing for 6-12 months. She has had three ear infections in this time, all of which settled. Her hearing seems worse through the Winter. Where in the ear is the problem most likely to be?
She probably has glue ear (otitis media with effusion) which is caused by a build up of fluid in the middle ear (I).
