Infiltration

Question 1

refers to the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil

Answer 1

Infiltration

Question 2

________ and ______ play a key role in surface runoff, groundwater recharge,
evapotranspiration, soil erosion, and transport of chemicals in surface and
subsurface waters.

Answer 2

Infiltration and percolation

Question 3

The rate of infiltration depends on factors such as, the ____________, the
________, ___________ over the area, pre-saturation levels, etc

Answer 3

amount of precipitation, type of soil, the amount of vegetative cover

Question 4

Infiltration is dependent on the condition of the land surface (cracked, crusted,
compacted, etc.)

Answer 4

Surface Entry

Question 5

Infiltration rates are greatly influenced by factors like temperature, wind,
freezing/thawing cycles, soil moisture condition, seasonal fluctuations, and the
intensity and duration of rainfall

Answer 5

Climate and weather conditions

Question 6

The amount and rate of water movement through the soil are determined by the size
and arrangement of soil particles.

Answer 6

Soil texture and structure

Question 7

Sand: _________
Silt:________
Clay: ____________

Answer 7

High Infiltration Rate
Moderate Infiltration Rate
Slow Infiltration Rate

Question 8

_________ exhibit higher water content, preventing infiltration and can even
increase surface runoff and erosion.

Answer 8

Saturated soils

Question 9

_________ generally experience faster runoff and reduced infiltration rates, as
water moves downslope quickly. On the other hand, ________ allow greater
infiltration rates because they make it easier for water to disperse and seep into the
soil

Answer 9

Steeper slopes, soft slopes

Question 10

Increased _____________ rates have the potential to lower soil moisture content,
which can accelerate infiltration rates because drier soils initially take up water more
easily.

Answer 10

evapotranspiration

Question 11

Lower evapotranspiration rates or moister conditions can cause a lower
___________ because of decreased pore space availability and possible surface
sealing

Answer 11

infiltration rate

Question 12

involves measuring infiltration over a larger area rather
than at a single point.

Answer 12

Areal Measurement:

Question 13

a method that focuses on measuring infiltration at a
specific point in the soil.

Answer 13

Point Measurement

Question 14

the speed at which water enters the soil.

Answer 14

● Infiltration rate

Question 15

device that can be used to measure the water infiltration into the soil

Answer 15

Infiltrometer:

Question 16

Involves driving a single ring into the ground
(25-30 cm d., 50-60 cm h.) about 10 cm deep, where water is poured
at 5 m depth from the bottom. The decrease in water level over time is
used to determine the infiltration rate

Answer 16

Single Ring Infiltrometer

Question 17

Involves driving two concentric rings with
varying sizes. The inner ring is driven into the ground, while a second
bigger ring is driven around that to help the flow of water.

Answer 17

Double Ring Infiltrometer

Question 18

done with the use of rain simulators sprinkled in
an experimental area in excess of its infiltration capacity.

Answer 18

Sprinkler Infiltrometer

Question 19

____________ is a viable option when measuring ground infiltration rates or volumes. It
is an empirical formula that says that infiltration starts at a constant rate, and is decreasing
exponentially with time.

Answer 19

Horton’s equation

Question 20

The
____________________. The capacity
decreases with time and
ultimately reaches a constant
rate, caused by filling of soil
pores with water, which reduces
capillary suction.

Answer 20

Hortons
infiltration
capacity curve.

Question 21

_________ proposed an equation to estimate cumulative infiltration

Answer 21

Phillip

Question 22

_________ which is a function of the soil suction potential (representing soil suction head

Answer 22

sorptivity

Question 23

the __________ of the soil (representing gravity head)
how easily water can move through the soil’s pores and is influenced by factors such a

Answer 23

hydraulic conductivity

Question 24

is a method used to understand how water moves into the soil
during rainfall or irrigation.

Answer 24

Green-Ampt model

Question 25

a sharp line between dry soil and wets oil

Answer 25

wetting front

Question 26

is the amount of time that has passed from the
start of rainfall to the occurrence of ponds in the observed area.

Answer 26

ponding time