Infertility and contraception Flashcards
What is meant by subfertility?
Inability of couple to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
What endocrine problems can cause male subfertility?
FSH/LH deficiency
hyperprolactinaemia
androgen insensitivity
What testicular problems can cause male subfertility?
infection
variocele
tumours/radiation/chemotherapy
cryptorchidism/anorchidism
What problems with transport of sperm can cause male subfertility?
Aplasia vas deferens
blockage
autoimmune destruction of sperm
What problems with sexual intercourse can cause male subfertility?
epispadias
erectile dysfunction
retrograde ejactulation
Treatment for male subfertility
Surgery
hormone treatment
Assisted reproduction - AI , IVF, ICSI
What are some reasons for female subfertility?
- follicular development and ovulation failure
- endocrine problems
- ovarian defects
- sperm transport failure- due to female antibody production
- tubal obstruction
- implantation failure
What endocrine problems can cause female subfertility?
FSH/LH deficiency
oestrogen/pregesterone
weight loss
hyperprolcatinaemia
what ovarian defects can cause female subfertility
Polycystic ovaries/tumours
endometriosis
drugs/radiotherapy/toxins
chromosonal abnormalities
What tubal obstruction can cause female subfertility?
PID endometriosis Congential adhesions fibroids in the fallopian tubes
How does implantation failure cause female subfertility?
Fibroids
menstrual problems
What is checked for in an endocrine examination
gonadotrophin prolactin LH surge fpr ovulation oestrogen/progesterone level Thyroid Hormone levels
Treatment for female subfertility
Surgery- removal of adhesions and endometriosis Endocrine -supplemental gonadotrophin -removal of tumour -hypothyroid treatment -weight loss correction
How is contraception achieved through spermato/spermiogenesis
Progesterone analogues
Exogenous androgens affecting GnRH and local testosterone
How is contraception achieved through sperm transport?
Vasectomy
spermicle transport
