infection and disease Flashcards
what is a pathogen
an microorganism that causes infectious disease
what is measles
the first symptom is a fever and then the patient develops a skin rash
it is transported by air
what is HIV
the first symptom is a flu like illness and then the virus is attacking the patients immune system so it cannot fight other infections
what is salmonella
it is a bacterial disease caused by bad food hygiene and they secrete toxins
how to reduce the rate that malaria spreads
remove still water or spray it with insecticide
how does your body protect itself from pathogens
the skin is a protective layer covering the body and the outer layer consists of dead cells and releases an oily substance that kill bacteria
the nose contains hair and mucus to trap the pathogen and the trachea and bronchi contain cilia covered with mucus that waft the bacteria to the throat to be swallowed in the stomach
what is a phagocyte
when a white blood cell ingests the pathogen an uses enzymes to kill it. This is called phagocytosis
what is tobacco mosaic virus
when the plant leaf becomes discolored in a mosaic pattern reducing the rate of photosynthesis
what is rose black spot
it is a disease caused by a fungus where the plant develops purple - black spots and causes the leaf to turn yellow and fall off. This reduces the rate of photosynthesis. The fungus can be spread by water or wind and can be treated using fungicide or by removing the affected leaves
what is vaccination
it is when an injection of dead or inactive bacteria is introduced and then the white blood cells are stimulated to produce antibodies against that bacterium. The white blood cells then undergo mitosis and then stay in the blood for decades
what is pre-clinical testing
it is not carried out on humans as it could be dangerous so it is carried out on cells,tissues and live animals
what is clinical testing
it is when testing is carried out on humans in very low doses on healthy volunteers and then the optimal dose is found
what is a double blind trial
it is a trial where neither the patients nor the doctors know which group is being given the placebo and which is being given the active drug to remove any bias
