Industrialization: Economic And Social Revolution - Robert Flashcards
What happened after the Revolution in Great Britain?
The monarchy had lost most of their power
What was Western economics mostly based on and what was the consequence of this?
Western economics was mostly agriculturally based so the majority of people lived in the countryside.
How did the invention of the steam engine affect the development of the industrial revolution?
The steam engine allowed for mechanization of production.
How did the invention of electricity and oil affect the development of the industrial revolution?
It led to the development of new inventions.
What were the 4 reasons why Great Britain was the first country to enter industrialization?
1) strong economy (lots of money)
2) large colonial empire
3) ideal geographic position (situated next to a body of water)
4) first country to take away power from the monarchy which allowed massive industry to take place
Why did other countries enter industrialization much later?
1) Less wealth which meant they didn’t have the financial resources to do it
2) Slower development because they went wealthy enough to develop quickly
3) Larger territories which meant it took longer for people to get organized
* United States only: Relatively new nation
What resource allowed Great Britain to power their machines? And how of this resource did they have?
Great Britain had a lot of coal and it was a necessity for basically every machine.
What class was added to the social hierarchy and what did this class consist of?
The upper class was added to the social hierarchy and it consisted of rich factory owners.
How were the conditions of the factory workers?
There were no regulations so workers were under horrible and unsafe working conditions. They would have to go into mines without masks that could collapse on them at any second.
What was a result of coal powered industries? What affect did this have on the social structure.
A large amount of people moved from rural areas into developing urban areas to work at factories. This caused massive changes in social structure.
What made the shift from farm to factory possible?
1) agricultural innovations: better farming equipment was invented
2) enclosures and private property: fencing off parts of the land
3) demographic growth: increase in population
4) major technological advances: mechanized inventions
What new developments helped improve agriculture?
1) crop rotation: planting crops so that the vitamins and nutrients they produce replenish the soil
2) new crops from the Americas: potatoes and corn
3) agricultural machinery: helped make it more efficient
What were the steps of agriculture production led by a landowner?
The King owns a plot of land. He gives the plot of land to a landowner. The landowner hires farmers to work on the land who were able to farm and sell their surplus but so,e of it must go to the landowner and the king.
What did enclosures and private properties force subsistence farmers to do?
If they couldn’t afford to buy land or fence their own land, they were forced them to move into an urban area in order to work in factories.
How did the development of agricultural technology affect the demographic growth?
New agricultural inventions helped farmers produce more food. This led to there being a large surplus of food. People decided to have more kids since they knew that they would have food to eat.
