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Pathology I > Important Info 2.1 > Flashcards

Important Info 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term that refers to the mechanism of disease development?

A

pathogenesis

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2
Q

A patient has a unilateral “birthmark” involving the skin of the
distribution of the 3rd branch on the trigeminal nerve present at birth. What type of disease is this?

A

developmental

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3
Q

A patient needs injection of insulin to maintain serum glucose
levels. What type of disease is this?

A

metabolic

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4
Q

Which of the following is the cause of a disease process?

A

etiology

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5
Q

A person did not get the MMR vaccine and got a rubella infection. What type of disease is this?

A

Infectious

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6
Q

A woman gets a biopsy and tests positive for breast cancer.

A

neoplastic

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7
Q

A person has an allergic reaction to earrings. What type of disease?

A

immune-mediated

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8
Q

Diseases are named by…

A

They are named in a way to make classification standard

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9
Q

Regeneration of the liver occurs via…

A

Hyperplasia

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10
Q

Replacement of one mature cell type for another mature cell type is known as…

A

Metaplasia

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11
Q

The end result of irreversible injury to a cell is…

A

Necrosis

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12
Q

Change of a cell into a tougher cell type

A

metaplasia

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13
Q

Which of the following is an example of fibrous hyperplasia?

A

firbroma

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14
Q

What is an example of epithelial hyperplasia?

A

Papilloma

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15
Q

What is an example of fibrous hyperplasia?

A

Fibroma

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16
Q

Pyknosis is associated with…

A

shrinking

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17
Q

Fat necrosis is seen in…

A

Acute pancreatitis

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18
Q

Pathological atrophy includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A

a. EXCEPT: Trophic hormones
b. INCLUDES: Denervation, Disuse, Ischemia

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19
Q

What terminology is used to denote inflammation of the salivary gland?

A

Sialadenitis

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20
Q

Inflammation of the tongue’s mucosa?

A

Glossitis

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21
Q

Inflammation of the bone marrow?

A

Osteomyelitis

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22
Q

Which of the following diseases results in failure to kill?

A

MPO deficiency

b. Other diseases: Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood, Chediak-Higashi
Syndrome

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23
Q

Primary cell of chronic inflammation?

A

Mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

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24
Q

Which is a type of granulomatous inflammation?

A

Acid-fast bacilli – Tuberculosis

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25
Q

What cell type is found in granulomatous tissue?

A

Activated macrophages

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26
Q

Which cell tissues have the most scarring?

A

neurons

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27
Q

Which OTF diseases is NOT auto immune?

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood

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28
Q

Which vitamin deficiency will cause defects in wound healing?

A

Scurvy - Vitamin C

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29
Q

Name two periapical pathosis that can present as a periapical radiolucency associated with a non-vital tooth.

A

a. PA granuloma
b. PA cyst
c. PA abscess

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30
Q

Sulfur granules are specifically associated with which type of bacterial infection?

A

Actinomycosis

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31
Q

What are the components of a cyst?

A

Epithelial lining, wall, lumen

32
Q

Which OTF is NOT present as a radiolucency?

A

a. NOT: Parulis
b. IS PRESENT: PA granuloma, cyst, abscess

33
Q

The end of the sinus tract is…

A

Parulis

34
Q

Which OTF is a complication of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Retrograde infection – with maxillary teeth

35
Q

Which OTF is NOT located in the cavernous sinus?

A

a. NOT: External carotid

b. IS: V1, V2, Internal carotid

36
Q

All OTF describes actinomycosis except…

A

a. Fungal infection – IS NOT A FUNGAL INFECTION

b. DESCRIBES: lumpy jaw, sulfur granules, bacterial infection

37
Q

Which OTF has an epithelial lining?

A

Periapical cyst

38
Q

A patient present with a purulent exudate from a sinus tract overlying the mandible. Yellow granules are observed upon close examination…. Suggesting:

A

Yellow sulfur granules indicative…

39
Q

A kid presents with mandibular molar hyperplasia toward the coronal end of the tooth

A

Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

40
Q

Bacterial infection of bone marrow.

A

Osteomyelitis

41
Q

______ are recognition molecules that allow the immune system to recognize self vs. non-self

A

MHC

42
Q

Antibodies are produced by which cell?

A

B cell

43
Q

T lymphocytes leave the ____ to go to the lymph node

A

Thymus

44
Q

Only antibody capable of crossing the placenta?

A

IgG

45
Q

Secretory antibody in tears, saliva, etc.

A

IgA

46
Q

All OTF are autoimmune diseases EXCEPT:

A

Bruton’s hypo

47
Q

All OTF are immune-deficiency (immunosuppressed) diseases EXCEPT:

A

Sjogren’s

48
Q

______ recognize MHC Class I, whereas _____recognize MHC Class II.

A

a. CD8+ cytoxic T cells
b. CD4+ helper T cells

49
Q

Which complement molecule helps with leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammation?

A

C5a (type III?)

50
Q

Which complement causes opsonization?

A

C3B

51
Q

Which antibody plays a large role in hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

52
Q

Which antibody is the first responder?

A

IgM

53
Q

List one condition that illustrates each type of immune response (Type 1-4).

A

a. Type 1: Anaphylactic shock
b. Type 2: Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic purpura
c. Type 3: Erythema Multiforme
d. Type 4: Contact Mucositis

54
Q

Circulating immune complexes filter out in small vessels and activate the complement cascade.

A

Type 3

55
Q

Develop a positive reaction to an intracutaneous injection of PPD and are identified as a PPD converter.

A

Type 4

56
Q

Mast cells secrete which product?

A

Histamine

57
Q

Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

PPD tuberculosis skin test, contact dermatitis

58
Q

Having palatal petechia is common in which OTF?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

59
Q

The TB skin test reaction is an example of?

A

Hypersensitivity (type 4)

60
Q

ABO blood mismatch (blood transfusion injury) is an example of what?

A

Type II immune injury

61
Q

Low-virulence pathogens grow in..?

A

Immunocompromised patients

62
Q

Which OTF is NOT involved in leukocyte tissues?

A

a. NOT: Type I immune injury

b. ARE: LAD, Lazy leukocyte, MPO deficiency

63
Q

Antibody-coated erythrocytes go to the spleen to be cleared. Which type of reaction?

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

64
Q

Name two dental anomalies that can result from a congenital syphilis infection.

A

a. Mulberry molars
b. Hutchinson’s incisors

65
Q

Viral-induced disease can present with enlargement of the salivary glands?

A

Mumps

66
Q

Which OTF can cause transformations?

A

a. HHV-4: Epstein Barr
b. HPV

67
Q

Picture w/ lesion on hard palate

A
  • Recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis
  • NOTE primary herpes occurs on ANY mucosal surface (bound or movable)
  • Recurrent ONLY on bound mucosa – hard palate and gingiva
68
Q

Which presents as a unilateral dermatomal infection of face and oral mucosa?

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)

69
Q

Which presents with Koplik spots?

A

Measles (Rubeola

70
Q

Gumma is presented in

A

syphilis

71
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is an example of?

A

Inhibitory cell function

72
Q

Can Epstein Barr (HHV4) become neoplastic?

A

Yes

73
Q

Which OTF presents with unilateral, painful lesions?

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)

74
Q

Which is NOT a symptom of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Scarring

75
Q

What non-infectious systemic disease is histologically characterized by granulomatous inflammation?

A

Sarcoidosis

76
Q

A 25yo man, extraction of tooth, erythematous halo, yellow ulcerative lesion on left soft palate

A

Aphthous stomatitis

77
Q

Which OTF is NOT a type of candidiasis?

A

a. NOT: Migratory rhomboid glossitis

b. IS A TYPE: pseudomembranous, atrophic, perleche

Pathology I (11 decks)

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