Immunology

Question 0

What is the purpose of the immune system?

Answer 0

Recognise
Respond
Defend

Question 1

How do we develop immunity.

Answer 1

• Continuous interaction between ourselves and the outside world
• Passed on by mother to baby…

Question 2

What are the challenges for the immune system?

Answer 2

Recognising self from non-self
Recognising friend from foe
Becoming tolerant while maintaining vigilance
Using appropriate force to keep things under control to mini is collateral damage and find long term solutions

Question 3

What are white blood cells?

Answer 3

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes 
Monocytes

Question 4

What makes up the cellular components of blood?

Answer 4

Plasma (55%)
Buffs coat
Erythrocytes (45%)

Question 5

What is the function of a neutrophils?

Answer 5

Ingest and destroy invaders by arriving first at the site (phagocytes)

Question 6

Define neutropenia.

Answer 6

Low neutrophil count

Question 7

What functions do monocytes and macrophages do?

Answer 7

Efficient phagocytes who are antigen presenting that ingest and destroy.

They eat up all the old and dead cells.

Question 8

What are subtypes of lymphocytes?

Answer 8

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T cells

Question 9

What is the function of dendritic cells?

Answer 9

Recognise pathogens and …

Question 10

What would a raised eosinophils represent?

Answer 10

Parasitic infection

NB if no parasite then could be associated with allergies

Question 11

What are the functions of basophils and mast cells?

Answer 11

They mediate …

Mast cells mediate

Question 12

What cells make up the innate immunity?

Answer 12

…

Question 13

Which immune cells can be classed in the adaptive immunity?

Answer 13

B cell
 - antibodies
T cell
 - CD4 T cell
 - CD

Question 14

What are the two primary immune organs?

Answer 14

Bone marrow

Thymus

Question 15

What are secondary organs to the immune ?

Answer 15

Peyers patches
Appendix
Spleen

Question 16

What are the functions of cytokines?

Answer 16

Are chemical messengers that mainly work in a paracrine…

Question 17

Define antigen.

Answer 17

Molecule or group of molecules capable of reacting with components of the immune system.

Question 18

What triggers an immune response?

Answer 18

Signals from:
Stressed cells
Injured cells
Hypoxic cells
Cells that are dying unexpectedly or violently
Hijacked cells
...

Question 19

How does the innate immune system protect us?

Answer 19

Physical barriers (mechanical/ chemical)
Complement

Question 20

How does the adaptive immune response protect us?

Answer 20

…

Question 21

What makes up the physical, chemical and mechanical barriers that provide barriers to infection?

Answer 21

Intact skin
Intact mucous membranes
Mucous
Cilia (resp tract)
Stomach acid
...

Question 22

What are the aims of the inflammatory response?

Answer 22

Temporary repair of injury to prevent the entry…

Question 23

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 23

Rubor, tumor, calor donor

Redness, swelling, heat, pain

(loss of function)

Question 24

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 24

…picture

Question 25

What is the phagocytosis process?

Answer 25

… Picture

1. Microbe

Question 26

What is the complement cascade?

Answer 26

Three pathways

Classical

Recruitment of inflammatory cells
Killing of pathogens

Question 27

What does the liver produce in the acute phase response?

Answer 27

C-reactive protein
Mannose binding lectin
Serum amyloid A
Fibrinogen
 Complement proteins

Question 28

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 28

…

Question 29

What is the purpose of the antibody?

Answer 29

Enhances phagocytosis (optimum?)