Immunohematology Flashcards
A type Blood:
1) Red cell antigen
2) ABO Ab in plasma
3) Safe donors
4) Safe recipients
5) Possible Genotypes
6) Most/least common group
1) A sugar + H
2) anti-B
3) A, O
4) A, AB
5) AA, AO
6) White, black, Peru Indians
B type Blood:
1) Red cell antigen
2) ABO Ab in plasma
3) Safe donors
4) Safe recipients
5) Possible Genotypes
6) Most/least common group
1) B sugar + H
2) anti-A
3) B, O
4) B, AB
5) BB, BO
6) Vietnam + central Asia
AB type Blood:
1) Red cell antigen
2) ABO Ab in plasma
3) Safe donors
4) Safe recipients
5) Possible Genotypes
6) Most/least common group
1) A sugar + B sugar + H
2) none
3) A, B, O
4) AB
5) AB
6) 3% white, 4% black
O type Blood
1) Red cell antigen
2) ABO Ab in plasma
3) Safe donors
4) Safe recipients
5) Possible Genotypes
6) Most/least common group
1) H
2) anti-A + anti-B
3) O
4) A, B, AB
5) OO
6) white, black, rare China
Name the antibody class of most ABO isohemagglutinins
IgM (10 heavy, 10 light, 1 light)
Antibodies in Bombay blood type
anti-A
anti-B
anti-H
What happens if you transfuse non-Bombay blood into Bombay patient?
Immune response
Blood group antigens are ____
glycolipids (lipid backbone spans plasma membrane and terminal sugars = antigenic specificy)
What are isohemagglutinins?
Naturally occurring antibodies
during infancy, you come in contact with blood group antigens (glycolipids) and create antibodies
What does Bombay appear as during routine typing?
O blood
but you have anti-A, B, O
What happens in Bombay phenotype?
Pt lacks transferase gene to put final sugar on “core”
Therefore, don’t express H antigen (that O people express)
Define the cross match
plasma from recipient is mixed with RBCs of donor
Why is cross match important?
1) Before transfusion, the recipient typed for ABO and Rh and plasma screened for antibodies
MUST BE IDENTICAL
2) If antibodies in recipient’s plasma that react with donor RBC, RBC die early and patient may die
What happens during mismatch transfusion?
If agglutinate, recipient has IgM + (maybe IgG) activate complement
If no agglutinate, may still be antibody just not enough to agglutinate but can still opsonize/lyse
What is Direct anti globulin test?
is there antibody already on the red cells I am interested in?
1) Take Patient RBCs
2) Rinse them
3) Add anti globulin
4) Detect cells coated with antibody in vivo
–> detects AIHA
