Immune System Flashcards
Characteristics of the Innate Immune System:
First line of defense (skin)
Inherited
Rapid response
Prior exposure not needed to act
Components of the Innate Immune System
Granulocytes -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils Agranulocytes -monocytes -macrophages Dendritic cells (DCs) Cytokines Complement system
What Components of the Innate Immune System are Phagocytes?
Neutrophils Eosinophils Monocytes Macrophages DCs
Neutrophils have the ____ response time to a pathogen.
Fastest
Neutrophils
(Granulocyte)
Most numerous of WBCs
Release of cytotoxic cytokines
Dead neutrophils become purulent puss at site of infection
Eosinophils
(Granulocyte) Heavily concentrated in GI mucosa Primary defense against parasites Release cytokines Responsible for degrading mast-cell inflammatory response
Basophils and Mast Cells
(Granulocyte)
IgE
Release histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, prostaglandins.
Smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm).
Basophils least common granulocyte.
Mast cells found in peripheral connective tissue close to blood vessels.
Key initiators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Hay fever, asthma, eczema (atopic allergies)
Monocytes and Macrophages
(Agranulocyte)
The largest blood cells
Late inflammatory response
Dendritic Cells are mostly located in the…
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Skin
Mucous membranes
Dendritic Cells
Most potent antigen presenting cells (identifies pathogen and presents to the adaptive immune system)
Contributes to B cell memory
Also can destroy antigen by phagocytosis
Cytokines
Small proteins
Interleukins (regulates inflammatory response)
Interferons (destruction of viral antigens)
Complement System
Compliments both innate and adaptive systems
Marks pathogens for destruction and recruitment
What are the components of the Adaptive Immune System?
B Cells
T Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Natural Killer T Cells
B Cells
Production of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE)
T Cells
Originate in bone marrow then mature in thymus.
Destruction of helper CD4T cells is seen with…
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
A loss of functional CD4 T cells leads to…
HIV and AIDS
Natural Killer Cells
Secretion of cytokines to destroy virus infected self cells, tumor cells, and other abnormal cells missing the MHC markers required for identification by other T and B cells.
Natural Killer T Cells
Can destroy both bacterial and viral pathogens
They can promote or inhibit the development of autoimmune diseases like diabetes type 1.
Active Immunity is to ________ as Passive immunity is to ________.
Vaccines, breast feeding (mother to baby) or transfusions.
Type I Hypersensitivity
Immediate 15-30 mins (anaphylactic).
IgE binds to mast cells and basophils which release reactive substances (histamine).
Drug allergy, hay fever, asthma.
Type II Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic
IgG, IgM, compliment
Antigen-antibody complex activates complement and destroys target cells.
Blood transfusion, acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia, transplant rejection, myasthenia gravis, type I DM
Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complex
IgG, IgM, neutrophils, compliment
Antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissue stimulates inflammation.
SLE, RA, glomerulonephritis