immune response

Question 1

must be turned down when antigen has been destroyed

Answer 1

immune response

Question 2

failure to control the immune response

Answer 2

autoimmune disease

Question 3

CTLA-4 competes with CD28

Answer 3

B7

Question 4

activated T cells develop Fas ligand that reacts with Fas normally present on T cells leading to apoptosis of that cell

Answer 4

activation induced cell death

Question 5

inhibit all T cell function

Answer 5

Cytokines IL-10 and TGfB

Question 6

Treg makes

Answer 6

Cytokines IL-10 and TGfB

Question 7

lack of response to a specific antigen

Answer 7

immunologic tolerance

Question 8

failure to induce specific immunity to that antigen

Answer 8

immunologic tolerance

Question 9

unresponsive to SELF antigens

Answer 9

self-tolerance

Question 10

self- tolerance occurs in the thymus (negative selection),

Answer 10

central tolerance

Question 11

cells that escape the central tolerance are dealt by

Answer 11

peripheral tolerance

Question 12

continuous exposure to self-Ag’s causes continuous stimulation of T cells causing apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes. this occurs by the process of activation-induced cell death (Fas-FasL)

Answer 12

clonal deletion

Question 13

absence of co-stimulatory signals especially B7-CD28

Answer 13

clonal anergy

Question 14

peripheral tolerance mechanism [2]

Answer 14

1. clonal deletion

2. clonal anergy

Question 15

recipient will be born tolerant to black mouse antigens and will not reject the graft when skin from black mouse is transplanted to a white mouse in utero

Answer 15

fetal tolerance

Question 16

Adult tolerance is very difficult to induce?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

failure of negative slection in the thymus

Answer 17

auto-immune

Question 18

failure of immunological control mechanism

Answer 18

auto-immune

Question 19

exposure of hidden antigens

Answer 19

factor that could give rise to autoimmune

Question 20

sympathetic opthalamia

Answer 20

exposure of hidden antigens

Question 21

polyclonal lymphocyte activation

Answer 21

factor that give rise to auto-immunity

Question 22

viruses such as EBV stimulate B cells and non-specifically

Answer 22

polyclonal lymphocyte activation

Question 23

superantigens stimulate T-cells

Answer 23

polyclonal lymphocyte activation

Question 24

attach to the outside of the T cell receptor and to the MHC II molecules causing T cell activation

Answer 24

superantigen

Question 25

bind non-specifically to the outside of the MHC and T-cell receptor

Answer 25

Supereantigen

Question 26

Defectives T-cell regulation

Answer 26

factor that give rise to auto-immunity

Question 27

if defective there will be uncontrolled activation of T cells

Answer 27

CTLA-4

Question 28

autoimmine disease are more common in

Answer 28

family members

Question 29

B27

Answer 29

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 30

DR3/4

Answer 30

IDDM

Question 31

DR4

Answer 31

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 32

more autoimmune diseases in twins ?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

cross-reacting antibody

Answer 33

molecular mimicry

Question 34

rheumatic fever

Answer 34

molecular mimicry

Question 35

EBV

Answer 35

abnormal activation of lymphoid cells

Question 36

may damage tissue leading to release of hidden antigens s

Answer 36

microbes

Question 37

microbes may function as _________ and stimulate immune responses

Answer 37

adjuvant

Question 38

most autoimmune diseases are common in females s

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or myasthenia gravis

Answer 39

antibodies

Question 40

Chron’s disease, IDDM, psoriasis, celiac disesase, multiple sclerosis

Answer 40

T cell

Question 41

hashimotos’ thyroiditis or rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 41

both humoral and CMI

Question 42

many of the theurapeutic monoclonal antibodies are targeted against

Answer 42

T cells