ID Terms History 101 Flashcards
The Renaissance
From French word “rebirth” 19th century
emerged after 1300
to describe artistic,intelectual and cultural movement.
sought to recover heritage of classical past
Florence & the Renaissance
the literary, artistic philosophical achievements of Florence came to infulence all of Europe
Humanism
program of study associated with Renaissance movement.
aimed to replace scholastic emphasis on logic & philosophy with the study of ancient languages, literature history & ethics.
Art during the Renaissance
artists were inspired by accomplishments of the Italian Masters to learn classical techniques.
Christian Humanism
northern italian Renaissance intelectual movement; grafted certain Italian Renaissance ideals into preexisting northern traditions.
Criticisms of the Caholic Church
many wanted freedom from the opression of their lords.
Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
German Monk & Professor of Theology.
His critique of the papacy launched the Protestant Reformation
Luther’s 3 Main Ideas
Justification by faith
The authority of scripture; scripture took
precedence over church traditions
The priesthood of all believers
Calvinism
Frenchman named John Calvin. published 1st version of Institute of the Christian Religion. Most influential of Protestant theology ever written.
Brought Genieva under his sway. 1541.
under him Genieva government beame a theocracy.
Anabaptists
Protestant movement that emerged in switzerland 1521.
insisted only adults could be Baptized Christians
Council of Trent
Name given to a series of meetings held in Italian City of Trent between 1545 & 1563
This is when leaders of Roman Chruch reaffirmed Catholic doctrine & instituted internal reforms.
Thiry Years’ War
1618 The Catholic Habsburg Prince was elected King and then Holy Roman Emperor a Rebellion started.
Motivations for Exploration
were important, as much as for their impact on the european imagination as for their economic significance
Reconquista
718 to 1492
in medieval Spain and Portugal, a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the from the 8th century.
Portugal’s Trading Post Empire
Portuguese over took every port along the African coast .They dominated the spice trade. for over a hundred years.
Christopher Columbus
1451 - 1506
Genoese sailor who pursuaded King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his expedition across the Atlantic with purpose to discover new trade route to Asia.
His miscalculation landed him in Bahamas & the island of Hispaniola 1492.
Colombian Exchange
The exchange of goods and services. but had a profound change in human history.
Diseases were introduced on both sides.
New animals and crops also introduced.
Encomienda
Person that recieves land and controls its indigenous liffe. Main duties was to protect, educate and teach Christianity.
Slavery in Africa
At height of African slave trade in 18th century.75 to 90 thousand Africans were shipped across the Atlantic yearly. 6 million shipped during 18th century. 11 million over the whole history of slavery in Africa.
The Middle Passage
so called to distinguish it from the slave ship’s voyage from Europe to Africa, and then from the colonies back to Europe.
Coffee
Key High old world product. Middle East Origins. Discovered by Kaldi. who lived in Kaffa. England had to have this. Way for the common man to go talk Politics.
Absolutism
Form of Government wher one person, usually a Monarch, controls war, tax, judge and coin money. 17th & 18th century Europe
Louis XIV
1638 - 1715
Called “sun King” was known for his success at strengthing the insitutions of the French Absolutist state.
The Divine Right of Kings
Argued that King ruled absolutly by GOD. Opposing King effected constitual rebellion against GOD. Monarch must not do as it pleases, must try to act in best interes of its people.
