Iceland 2010

Question 1

background

Answer 1

-2010
- no deaths
-VEI 4
-eurasian and North American tectonic plates

Question 2

modified the event

Answer 2

the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland is a prime example where modifying the event, through diversion of floodwaters and extensive monitoring, helped mitigate local impacts and protect lives and property.Controlled water release during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption minimise the risk of catastrophic flooding,

Question 3

economic impacts country

Answer 3

AC countries get extensive economic impacts Iceland eruption in 2010 Approximately 95,000 flights were canceled, affecting about 10 million passengers and costing airlines an estimated $1.7 billion in revenue.

Question 4

economic impacts regional

Answer 4

The disruption cost the European economy about $5 billion, with businesses and tourism sectors heavily impacted

Question 5

economic impacts local

Answer 5

Local farms experienced damage to crops and livestock due to ash fall, leading to economic losses for farmers.

Question 6

economy took how long to recover

Answer 6

3-5 years

Question 7

local environmental impacts

Answer 7

Approximately 250 million cubic meters of ash were ejected, covering vast areas of southern Iceland. Ash deposits were up to 10 centimeters thick in some places, affecting soil quality and damaging crops.

the eruption melted about 200 million cubic meters of ice from the Eyjafjallajökull glacier, causing glacial flooding (jökulhlaups) that resulted in significant landscape changes and infrastructure damage.

Question 8

global impacts

Answer 8

the eruption released about 150,000 to 300,000 tons of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) into the atmosphere, which contributed to the formation of sulfate aerosols. These aerosols can reflect sunlight and lead to temporary cooling of the Earth’s surface and CO2

Question 9

infrastructure

Answer 9

The country’s robust infrastructure enabled a swift and organized response to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption. Well-maintained roads, communication networks, and emergency services ensured that necessary actions were taken promptly. For example, the closure of European airspace for six days resulted in the cancellation of 95,000 flights, affecting 10 million passengers, but the prompt response helped to manage the crisis.

Question 10

Technological and Monitoring Capabilities

Answer 10

The Icelandic Meteorological Office operates a comprehensive monitoring network that includes around 40 seismometers, 60 GPS stations, and satellite data analysis.

Question 11

geothermal energy

Answer 11

65% of primary energy people want to live