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Esthetics final exam > IBEC > Flashcards

IBEC Flashcards

1
Q

What does laser stand for?

A

Light
Amplification
Stimulated
Emissions
Radiation

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2
Q

Photon

A

Smallest particle of light

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of wave

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4
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit in universe

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5
Q

Joules

A

Measures energy

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6
Q

Fluence

A

Density of energy

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7
Q

Where is non-ionizing on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

400nm and above

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8
Q

Where is ionizing on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

390 and lower

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9
Q

What is the frequency of an epilator?

A

13.56 MHz

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10
Q

Ruby (nm)

A

694.3nm

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11
Q

Alex (nm)

A

755nm

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12
Q

Diode (nm)

A

840nm

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13
Q

Nd:Yag (nm)

A

1064nm

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14
Q

Where is laser hair removal on electromagnetic spectrum?

A

600-2100nm

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15
Q

Chromophore

A

Melanin target

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16
Q

Polychromatic

A

Light of many colors

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17
Q

Monochromatic

A

Light of one color, one wavelength

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18
Q

What are the properties of light?

A

RATS

Reflection
Absorption
Transmission
Scattering

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19
Q

What is laser characteristic?

A

Monochromatic
Coherent
Collimated

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20
Q

What are IPL characteristics?

A

Polychromatic
Incoherent
illcollimated

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21
Q

What does visible light range to?

A

400nm-700nm

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22
Q

What does invisible light range to?

A

700nm-1050nm

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23
Q

Thermal relaxation time (TRT)

A

Time it takes tissue to lose 50% of heat

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24
Q

What must be equal to or less than TRT, so no damage is made?

A

Pulse width/duration

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25
Q

Fluence threshold

A

Highest setting skin can tolerate without damage

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26
Q

What phase must hair be in for LHR?

A

Anagen phase

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27
Q

What does ANSI stand for?

A

American national standards institute

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28
Q

Who created theory of simulated emissions and when?

A

Plank and Einstein in 1917

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29
Q

Who is the father of LHR and what year?

A

Rox Anderson 1996

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30
Q

When did the FDA approve LHR?

A

1997

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31
Q

Selective photo thermolysis

A

How hair is destroyed and not skin using heat

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32
Q

Amplification

A

Creation of new photon light resulting from a chain reaction involving collision of other photons

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33
Q

Stimulated Emission

A

Process where a new created photon of light generated by amplification acquires energy to the new photons that created it

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34
Q

What laser class requires ANSI goggles?

A

3 and 4

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35
Q

Q switch

A

Tattoo

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36
Q

What manner should you work in?

A

Methodical

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37
Q

How much should you overlap during LHR?

A

20-30%

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38
Q

Purpura

A

Laser bruise

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39
Q

What do you need to see on skin after LHR?

A

Perifollicular erythema edema

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40
Q

Pulse width/duration

A

Length of time/duration that the laser is in contact with skin

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41
Q

What is the most sensitive body part vulnerable to laser damage?

A

Eyes

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42
Q

What does UV light range to?

A

315nm-390nm

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43
Q

What does infrared light range to?

A

1400nm-1nm

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44
Q

Proton

A

Nucleus

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45
Q

Electron

A

Negative charged particle

46
Q

What does a stable atom contain?

A

Equal number of protons and electrons

47
Q

Ionization

A

Process of adding or removing electrons from its atomic orbit

48
Q

What does a positive ion change its name to?

A

Cation

49
Q

What does a negative ion change its name to?

A

Anion

50
Q

What is a combination of atoms?

A

Molecule

51
Q

Molecule

A

Smallest unit of matter into which a substance can be divided without loosing basic properties

52
Q

Conductor and list 3 examples

A

Any substance that will easily transmit flow of an electrical current

(ex. metals, tap water, human body)

53
Q

What is a positive electrode called?

A

Anode (red)

54
Q

What is a negative electrode called?

A

Cathode (black)

55
Q

Where do electrons travel from?

A

Negative to positive

56
Q

What is alternating current?

A

Mechanical current that is rapid and flow in both directions

57
Q

What is an epilators hertz?

A

13.56Mhz

58
Q

What is polarity?

A

Imbalance effects of electric flow

59
Q

What does oscillator change current to?

A

AC to HF

60
Q

What does a rectifier change current to?

A

AC to DC

61
Q

What is direct current?

A

Chemical current that is consistent and even in one direction

62
Q

Short circuit

A

Current does not complete its full path and takes a “break”

63
Q

Fuse

A

Using heat prevention to prevent excessive current from passing through a circuit

64
Q

Circuit breaker

A

Uses magnetic field; a switch automatically interrupts 1st sign of overload

65
Q

What should you check for on equipment?

A

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

66
Q

What are 4 devices that change current?

A

Rectifier
Oscillator
Transform
Rheostat

67
Q

What does the step up/down transformer do?

A

Up volts, down amps
Down volts, up amps

68
Q

Phoresis

A

Forces chemical solutions into unbroken skin making it therapeutic

69
Q

Anaphoresis

A

Irritating, softens and relaxes

70
Q

Cataphoresis

A

Firms skin, soothes nerves, reduce redness

71
Q

What current is the blend?

A

AC and DC

72
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Electrons at rest

73
Q

What are two natural magnets?

A

Loadstone and Magnetite

74
Q

Coulomb

A

Count/ quantity

75
Q

Amperes

A

Measures strength of current

76
Q

Volts

A

Pressure/ force

77
Q

Ohm

A

Resistance

78
Q

Watt

A

Unit of electrical power

79
Q

Hertz

A

Measures frequency

80
Q

Milliampere

A

1,000th of an ampere

81
Q

Nanometer

A

Billionth of an ampere

82
Q

Who was the ophthalmologist who invented galvanic and when?

A

Dr. Charles Michel, 1875

83
Q

What is galvanic electrolysis?

A

Removing hair by chemical decomposition

84
Q

What are other names for galvanic electrolysis?

A

Chemical decomposition
True electrolysis

85
Q

What does the cathode contain?

A

Sodium hydroxide
Lye

86
Q

What does the anode contain?

A

Hydrochloric acid
Acid

87
Q

What are two bi products?

A

Chloride gas
Hydrogen gas

88
Q

Unit of Lye chart

A

Vellus (shallow) > Cheek, lip> 15 UL
Accelerated vellus> Side face, chin, arm > 45 UL
Deep terminal > Women chin, leg, Men back, shoulder > 60 UL
Very deep terminal > Beard > 80 UL

89
Q

Commerial

A

UL = amp (hour)

90
Q

Most destructive area

A

Closest to the probe/ needle within the zone where all tissue is 100% destroyed

91
Q

Current density

A

Number of electrons that flow into surrounding tissue

92
Q

What is the path of destruction in galvanic electrolysis shaped like?

A

Column shaped

93
Q

What will happen with the accidental use of the positive pole w/ steel needles will produce?

A

Tattoo (black oxide)

94
Q

What is a side effect of hydrochloric acid in the palms of hands?

A

Indifferent electrode rash = erythema

95
Q

Thermolysis

A

Killing hair with heat

96
Q

Who was the first scientist to demonstrate the existence of HF

A

Heinrich Hertz

97
Q

Electrocoagulation

A

Heat causes cells to coagulate and become dysfunctional

98
Q

Electrodessication

A

To dry up and deprive moisture by heat

99
Q

HF hertz

A

3-30 Mhz

100
Q

What two things effect current density?

A

Needle size and depth of insertion

101
Q

What is current density?

A

Number of electrons flowing through probe

102
Q

What the does size of probe determine?

A

Diameter of hair in anagen phase

103
Q

Current duration

A

Time current is allowed to flow

104
Q

Point effect

A

Heat starts at tip of needle (HF)

105
Q

Capacitive return

A

Current will return to the machine by means of radiation through air

106
Q

Blow out

A

Caused by steam

107
Q

Nikolskys sign

A

Separation of epidermis and dermis

108
Q

Working point

A

Point based on the client’s threshold or skin tolerance

109
Q

Where are vellus hairs from?

A

Sebaceous gland

110
Q
A

Esthetics final exam (2 decks)

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