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Endocrine physiology > Hypothalomus axis > Flashcards

Hypothalomus axis Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two principal organisers of the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

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2
Q

How is the Hypothalamus connected to the anterior and posterior pituitary gland

A

The anterior is connected via the hypophyseal portal system or the adenohypophysis, the posterior pituatary is connected via the pituitary stalk

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3
Q

What is the rough located of the hypothalmus

A

Below the thalmus

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4
Q

What bone does the pituitary gland sit in

A

Sphenoid

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5
Q

What type of tissue corresponds to the anterior part of the endocrine gland

A

Pure endocrine tissue

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6
Q

What type of tissue corresponds to the posterior part of the endocrine gland

A

Its an extension of the neural tissue of the hypothalmus

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7
Q

What type of hormones do the Hypothalmus secrete

A

Nuerohoromes

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8
Q

Describe the difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary

A

Anterior secretes endocrine hormones while the posterior secretes neurohormes

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9
Q

Describe a hypothalamic tropic hormone

A

Neurohormones secreted into the capillaries that travel to the anterior pituatary and govern the release of other hormones aswell as AP

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10
Q

Describe a hypothalamic non-tropic hormone

A

Neurohormones that travel to the posterior pituitary via axons in the hypothalamic

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11
Q

Describe the Anterior pituitary releasing hormones

A 
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)
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12
Q

Describe the anterior pituitary inhibiting hormones

A

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) aka somatostatin

Dopamine aka Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)

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13
Q

Describe the class of the majority of the tropic hormones

A

Peptide hormones

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14
Q

Describe the exception tropic hormone that isnt a peptid hormone

A

Dopamine AKA prolactin inhibiting hormone, which is a catecholamine, amine hormone

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15
Q

Describe the hypothalamus hypophyseal portal system

A

Network of small vessels that transfer trophic hormones to the anterior pituitary from the hypothalmus, small amount of neurons are required for the control

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16
Q

Describe the median eminence

A

This is where hormones are secreted in the hypothalamus hypophyseal system that travel to the anterior pituitary gland and then the general circulation

17
Q

Describe the anterior pituatary gland

A
  • True endocrine organ of epithelial origin
  • Makes up 2/3rds of the pituatary gland
  • Connected to hypothalamus via the hypophyseal system
  • Receives tropic hormones
18
Q

Describe the posterior pituatary gland

A
  • Neuroendocrine tissue and derived from neural tissue
  • Has a neural connection to the hypothalmus
  • Called the neurohypophysis
  • Makes up 1/3rd of the gland
19
Q

List the anterior pituatary hormones

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) aka thyrotropin
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) aka corticotropin
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin

20
Q

Which of the anterior pituatary hormones is not a tropic hormone

A

Prolactin, controls direct release of breast mlik

21
Q

Describe the hypophyseal system

A

The hypophyseal system is a 2 capillary network in series,

22
Q

The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) triggers what?

A

Triggers the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which acts upon the thyroid gland

23
Q

The corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) releases what?

A

It releases the adrenocortcioptropin hormone (ACTH) which acts upon the adrenal cortex

24
Q

The growth hormone releasing hormone triggers what?

A

Triggers the growth hormone to be released which causes IGF-1 and tissue metabolism

25
Q

What does the gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH trigger?

A

It releases Follicule stimulating hormone (FSH), which in men triggers sperm production and spermiogensis

Lutenising releasing hormone (LRH),
Men - Triggers production of testosterone
Women - Triggers ovulation

26
Q

What does the growth hormone inhibiting hormone trigger?

A

Inhibits release of growth hormone

27
Q

Describe the long negative feedback loop

A

The hormone itself feeding back to the hypothalmus

28
Q

Describe the short negative feedback loop

A

The feedback from the anterior pituitary to the hypothalmus

29
Q

What hormones do the posterior pituatary hold and where are they synthesized ?

A

2 peptide hormones Vasopressin and oxytocin

They are synthesised in the magnocellular neurons in the hypothalmus

30
Q

Describe how the neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus and sent to the posterior pituitary act?

A

Axons project down the infundibulum and to the posterior pituitary where they are released into the blood

31
Q

Describe the function of oxytocin

A

Milk ejection and uterine contraction

Endocrine physiology (11 decks)

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