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Endocrine Signaling and Systems > Hypothalamus & Pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus & Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH (vasopressin)

Oxytocin

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2
Q

How does the posterior pituitary release hormones?

A

DOES NOT SYNTHESIS HORMONES!

(Stores hormones produced in the hypothalamic neurons)

–> secretes them directly into blood

–Hormone is synthesised and packaged in cell body of neuron in hypothalamus

–vesicles containing hormone transported along the axon

–vesicles are stored in neuron terminals in post. pituitary

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3
Q

What is synthesised in paraventricular nucleus’?

A

Mostly oxytocin

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4
Q

What is synthesised in supraoptic nucleus’?

A

Mostly ADH

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5
Q

What is ADH release stimulated by?

A
  1. ↑ osmolarity
  2. ↓ blood P
  3. ↑ stressors (adrenergic)
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6
Q

What are some of the main functions of ADH?

A

Acts on BLOOD & RENAL VESSELS:

V1 R activation

↑ IP3/DAG ↑Ca2+

↑ vascular tone

↑ VASOCONSTRICTION

Acts on KIDNEYS:

V2 R activation

↑ cAMP, ↑ insertion of AQUAPORIN in luminal mem. of collecting tubules

↑ H20 REABSORPTION

Acts on ANT. PITUITARY:

↑ secretion ACTH leads to

↑ Aldosterone secretion

(although ACTH not main regulator of aldosterone)

↑ conservation of Na+ and H20

Acts on CNS:

↑ Thirst

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7
Q

What are some of the main functions of Oxytocin?

A

Decreased lvls of progesterone (@ end pregnancy) and cervical stretch R’s stim. (via oxytocin) contraction of uterine smooth m. during childbirth

Promotes ejection (smooth m. contraction) of milk

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8
Q

What types of hormones are secreted from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

ACTH

TSH

LH

FSH

PRL

GH

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9
Q

How does the ant. pituitary secrete/release hormones?

A

Hypophysiotrophic hormones (from hypothalamus) released into PORTAL SYSTEM!

(2 types hypophysiotrophic hormones):

–Releasing and Inhibiting hormones

THUS, endocrine cells (of the ant. pituitary) are controlled by hypophysiotrophic hormones.

They secrete ant. pit. hormones into systemic blood!

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10
Q

What effect does TRH have on the ant. pituitary?

A

STIM. release of TSH (aka thyrotropin) & prolactin

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11
Q

What effect does CRH have on the ant. pituitary?

A

STIM. release ACTH (aka corticotropin)

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12
Q

What effect does GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) have on the ant. pituitary?

A

STIM. release of FSH & LH

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13
Q

What effect does GHRH (growth-hormone releasing hormone) have on the ant. pituitary?

A

STIM. release of GH

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14
Q

What effect does GHIH (GH inhibiting hormone) have on the ant. pituitary?

A

INHIBITS release of GH & TSH

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15
Q

What effect does PRH (prolactin releasing hormone) have on the ant. pituitary?

A

STIM. release of prolactin

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16
Q

What effect does PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone) have on the ant. pituitary?

A

INHINIT release of prolactin

17
Q
A
18
Q
A

Endocrine Signaling and Systems (7 decks)

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