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Geography - Disasters and hazards > Hydrometerological hazards > Flashcards

Hydrometerological hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrometeological hazard?

A

Hazard caused by atmospheric, hydrological or oceanic nature

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2
Q

What are some examples of a hydrometeological hazard?

A

Rains, Floods, Thunderstorms, cyclones, bushfires, blizzards, droughts

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3
Q

What is weather?

A

Atmospheric conditions in a region over a short period of time

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4
Q

What is high and low pressure systems?

A

A high pressure system has relaxed settled weather whereas low pressure system has unsettled, extreme weather

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5
Q

What are the 5 natural causes of climate change?

A

Albedo
Milankovitch theory
Volcanos
Solar variations
Greenhouse gasses

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6
Q

What is climate change?

A

average atmospheric conditions in a region over a long period of time

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7
Q

what is global warming?

A

a gradual global increase in temperature due to greenhouse gas effect and rising CO2 levels

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8
Q

Black Saturday bushfire?

A

7th feb 2009
around 173 people died
400 individual fires
located in Victoria
cause: electric pole falling down

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9
Q

Black summer bushfires?

A

2019-2020 (covid)
around 30 people died inc 7 firefighters
cause: dry lightning
3k+ homes lost
cost = $100billion
400ppl died from smoke after fire

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10
Q

What does ENSO stand for?

A

El Nino southern oscillation

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11
Q

La Nina?

A

Warm waters towards east coast of Australia
Walker circulation formed
Strong trade winds
cyclone, floods risk

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12
Q

El Nino?

A

Walker circulation breaks down
cold waters towards east coast of Australia
weak trade winds
droughts, bushfires risk

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13
Q

Neutral?

A

Walker circulation formed
less extreme weather
droughts, floods still risky

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14
Q

What is a bushfire?

A

uncontrolled spread of fire throughout a certain area, usually woodlands or forests

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15
Q

Types of Bushfires?

A

Grassfire
Surface fire
Crown fire
forest fire
ground fire

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16
Q

What is a grass fire?

A

Spread of fire throughout grass and grasslands
low intensity but spreads quickly

17
Q

What is a crown fire?

A

Spread of fire on top of trees
they can spread by high winds to other trees
high intensity

18
Q

What is a surface fire?

A

Spread of fire throughout litter, shrubs, layers
low to high intensity

19
Q

what is a ground fire?

A

spread of fire underground: tree roots, coal, peet

20
Q

what is a forest fire?

A

spread of fire throughout woodlands and forest
slow spreading but high intensity

21
Q

what are the ignition factors for fires?

A

Lightning
faults/breaks
vehicles
machinary
suspicious activity
Cigarretes/Lighters/litter
No control of an open fire
unattended fire

22
Q

factors causing spread of fires?

A

Wind speed
topography
fuel load
humidity
temperature
climate

23
Q

How does windspeed affect a fire?

A

wind can help spread fire to other fuel load and change direction of it

24
Q

How does fuel load affect a fire?

A

fire proxomity to flammable things such as wood, grass, plastic can cause fire to spread further

25
Q

How does topography affect a fire?

A

the higher the slope, more fuel load for the fire to burn

26
Q

How does humidity affect a fire?

A

the more moisture there is in the air, the less likely a fire can spread

27
Q

how does temperature and climate affect a fire?

A

dry, hot conditions and high temperature favor for a fire to ignite and spread

28
Q

What is a drought?

A

The amount of water is insufficient to meet normal use of a community and the environment
low rainfall
extremely dry conditions

29
Q

When is a drought deemed over?

A

when there is enough water to sustain community and environment needs

30
Q

How does geospatial technology aid in bushfires and its management?

A

MODIS - Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
>They collect a range of data including measurements of areas burnt by fire based on lack of vegetation.
>uses thermal imaging to map the location of fires and is monitered globally to predict future fires however doesnt distinguish types of fires like volcanos, controlled burns and oil rigs are all deemed as fires
>small fires less than 100m are not detected as fires

Digital earth Australia hotspots
>Australian bushfire monitoring system that is satellite based
>Allows authorities and the public to locate fires all around Australia
>Uses thermal imaging and has an accuracy of 1.5km making it useful for monitoring fires in remote areas

31
Q

How to manage a bushfire?

A

Before
>reducing its fuel load
>Planned burns
>evacuations

during
>oxygen
>water
>foam
>evacuations

After
>manage private vegetation
>fire resistant houses
>keeping updated on fire risks and weather
>sprinkler system

32
Q
A

Geography - Disasters and hazards (3 decks)

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