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Human Body Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Body systems

A

Groups of organs within our bodies that carry out specific functions.

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2
Q

Organs

A

Structures composed of tissue that perform specific functions.

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3
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells of similar structure that perform a specific function.

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4
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of life, the building blocks of living things, with various sizes and shapes.

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5
Q

Multicellular organisms

A

Organisms composed of multiple cells that are specialized to perform specific functions.

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6
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed teeth in mammals used for tearing food

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7
Q

Blood group

A

classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.

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8
Q

Asthma

A

A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways.

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9
Q

What are Red blood cells

A

Blood cells that contain hemoglobin, giving them a red color, and are responsible for oxygen transport in the body.

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

A type of muscle tissue found in the heart, responsible for the heart’s contractions.

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11
Q

Cardiology

A

Study of the heart and its functions.

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12
Q

Organelles

A

Structures within cells made up of molecules.

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13
Q

Systems

A

Organised groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions

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14
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue containing cells with many mitochondria to meet energy requirements

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15
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Tissue consisting of a network of nerve cells with extensions to carry messages throughout the body

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16
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lungs and associated structures responsible for getting oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out

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17
Q

Circulatory system

A

Heart, blood, and blood vessels responsible for circulating oxygen and nutrients to body cells and removing wastes

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18
Q

Blood cells

A

Living cells in the blood

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19
Q

Blood vessels

A

Veins, arteries, and capillaries through which blood flows around the body

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20
Q

What is the Heart?

A

Muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and then to the body

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21
Q

Arteries

A

Hollow tubes with thick walls carrying blood from the heart to other body parts

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22
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels only a single cell thick allowing exchange of materials with body cells

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23
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels carrying blood back to the heart with valves and thinner walls than arteries

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24
Q

Digestive system

A

Organs and glands processing food to supply nutrients needed for effective body function

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25
Q

Excretory system

A

Body system removing waste substances from the body

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26
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle)

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27
Q

Excretion

A

Process of eliminating waste products like excess amino acids and old red blood cells from the body

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28
Q

Urea

A

A waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins

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29
Q

Bile pigments

A

Substances produced by the liver to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats

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30
Q

What are the Lungs respinsible for?

A

Organs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing

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31
Q

What does the Kidney do?

A

Organ that filters blood to remove waste and excess fluids in the form of urine

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32
Q

What is the skin and what does it do?

A

The body’s largest organ that plays a role in regulating body temperature and eliminating waste through sweat

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33
Q

Nervous system

A

System comprising neurons, nerves, and the brain, responsible for detecting and responding to stimuli

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34
Q

Ingestion

A

Process of taking food into the body

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35
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to aid in digestion

36
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Process of breaking down food using enzymes and acids

37
Q

Absorption

A

Conversion of absorbed nutrients into chemicals that can be used by the body’s cells

38
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue that closes off the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs

39
Q

Salivary glands

A

Glands that produce saliva containing enzymes to start the digestion of starch in the mouth

40
Q

Bolus

A

A round mass of food formed in the mouth before swallowing

41
Q

What is the Oesophagus?

A

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach for food passage

42
Q

What is the Large intestine

A

Part of the digestive system where water is absorbed and waste is prepared for elimination

43
Q

What is the Small intestine

A

Long tube where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs

44
Q

What is the hierarchy of your body?

A

SYSTEM-ORGAN-TISSUE-CELL

45
Q

What are tissues made of?

A

Cells

46
Q

What are organs made of?

A

Tissue

47
Q

What are systems made of?

A

Organs

48
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Made up of cells that form surfaces over other organs

49
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Supports and holds together other tissues in the body

50
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

Tissue that can contract, becoming shorter and fatter

51
Q

What is nerve tissue?

A

Send electrical signals around the body

52
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a structure composed of multiple tissue types that carries out a specific function.

53
Q

What is a body system

A

A collection of organs

54
Q

What are the 7 body systems

A

Digestive,circulatory,excretory,respiratory,musculoskeletal,nervous and reproductive

55
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

It breaks down food and drinks and absorbs all of the neccesary stuff into your blood for transport to your cells

56
Q

What is digestion?

A

Digestion is the process by which food (and drink) are broken down and absorbed into your blood for transport to your cells. ​

57
Q

What 6 processes are needed for digestion

A

Ingestion​

Mechanical digestion​

Chemical digestion​

Absorption​

Assimilation​

Excretion

58
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

You physically breaking down your food

59
Q

What are the 4 type of teeth we have?

A

Incisors,canines,premolars and molars

60
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion is when enzymes which help to break down the foods using a chemical process.

61
Q

What are the 3 enzymes?

A

Amylases
Proteases
Lipases

62
Q

What do amylases digest?

A

Carbs

63
Q

What do proteases digest?

A

Proteins

64
Q

What do lipases digest?

A

Lipids

65
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, meaning they speed up reactions without being used up.

66
Q

Carbs are digested in the… and broken down by…

A

Mouth
Amylase

67
Q

Proteins are broken down by … and in the…

A

Protease
Stomach

68
Q

Fats are broken down by… and in the…

A

Lipase
Small intestine

69
Q

What is pertalisis

A

Muscle contractions that push down food

70
Q

Small ridges in the small intestines are…

A

Vili

71
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

when glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide,water and energy

72
Q

What is the respiratory system responsible for

A

Getting oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

73
Q

Process of respiration

A

Oxygen
Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

74
Q

Components of respiratory system

A

Nasal Passage
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Intercostal muscles
Rib
Diaphragm

75
Q

What happens when you breath out

A

Lungs contract
Ribs move down and inwards
Diaphragm relaxes
Air squeezed out of lungs

76
Q

How is carbon dioxide exhaled

A

The oxygen in the alveoli is swapped for carbon dioxide which comes out when you breathe out

77
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

78
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

79
Q

Vein

A

Carry blood too the heart

80
Q

Capillaries

A

Where exchange of gases occur

81
Q

How many chambers are there in the heart

A

4

82
Q

What are the names of the four chambers

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

83
Q

What are the lower chambers called

A

Ventricles

84
Q

What are the higher chambers called

A

atrium (plural atria)

85
Q

What is the path of deoxgenated blood to oxgenated

A

Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta

86
Q
A

Science (5 decks)

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