HTN

Question 1

How does Bendroflumethiazide work?

Answer 1

It inhibits sodium reabsorption in the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl co-transporter

Question 2

How can hypertension be classified?

Answer 2

Primary (no identifiable cause) & secondary (underlying cause)

Question 3

Give renal causes of secondary HTN

Answer 3

Diabetic nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease
Glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Give vascular causes of secondary HTN

Answer 4

Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of aorta

Question 5

Give endocrine causes of secondary HTN

Answer 5

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s),
Pheochromocytoma
COCP  
?hypothyroidism 
Cushings

Question 6

Give examples of drugs that may cuase HTN?

Answer 6

Alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, ciclosporin, venlafaxine, corticosteroids, COOP

Question 7

Give some other causes of HTN

Answer 7

Connective tissue disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 8

When do you consider secondary causes?

Answer 8

If the patient is under 40

Question 9

What BP reading counts as stage 1?

Answer 9

135/85 to 149/94

Question 10

What BP reading counts as stage 2?

Answer 10

150/95 or more

Question 11

What BP reading counts as stage 3?

Answer 11

180/120mmHg

Question 12

How would you screen for target organ damage?

Answer 12

Urine – haematuria and proteinuria (Alb:creat ratio), bloods, U and Es)

Fundoscopy: hypertensive retinopathy

ECG – check for left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 13

How would you calculate their CV risk?

Answer 13

QRISK score

Also look at HbA1c and lipid profile