How to manage surgical cases Flashcards
List the stages of surgical case management
History and examination
ABC/resuscitation/fluid and electrolytes
Investigation: bloods and radiology
Non surgical options
Surgical options - acute
- elective
-for symptoms
- to prevent complications
- to diagnose/prevent possible malignancyWhat are the three clinical manifestations of disease?
Aymptomatic
Mild form of disease
Severe disease
List the fourteen features to describe with regard to lumpts
Site Size Shape Surfaces/edges Consistency/fluctuance Colour Compressability/reducibility Mobility Pulsatility
List the ten stages of an operation to cover in an operative viva
- “In an appropriately investigated, consented, marked, and anaesthetised patient”
- Antibiotic and DVT prophylaxis
- Positioning
- Prep/skin exposure
- Incision
- Exposure/mobilisation
- Dissection/resection
- Reconstruction/anastomosis
- Drains and closure
- Post-op instruction, including DVT prophylaxis
Define benificence
Do most good/benefit for others. Associated character trait is benevolence
Define autonomy
Self governance. Own choices, free will
Define altruism
selfless concern for the welfare of others
non maleficence
Do no harm
Justice
Involves equality of worth - equal rights e.g. equal rights to heathcare
Futility
no questions here - just another medical ethics concept
Define paternalism. What other medical ethics concepts are at conflict where paternalism is employed?
Paternalism = intentional over-riding of a persons decision making (based on own judgements and values), with a goal to avoid harm for the person whose will is over-ridden (i.e. for their own good).
Involves a conflict between beneficence and autonomy
List four medical ethics issues with consent
Patient understanding
Patient’s right to refuse
Training/innovative surgery/learning curve of a surgeon
Cost and resource allocation
